财产的继承分为法定继承和遗嘱继承两种形式。
法定继承,其英文表达为Intestate Succession,是根据法律直接规定的继承人的范围、继承人继承的顺序、继承人继承遗产的份额及遗产分配原则继承被继承人遗产的一种继承方式。我国法律规定,继承权男女平等。遗产按照下列顺序继承:第一顺序:配偶、子女、父母;第二顺序:兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母。继承开始后,由第一顺序继承人继承,第二顺序继承人不继承;没有第一顺序继承人继承的,由第二顺序继承人继承。
遗嘱继承,也称“指定继承”,其英文表达为Testate Succession,是指继承人依照被继承人生前设立的合法有效的遗嘱继承被继承人遗产的一种继承制度。在遗嘱继承中,继承人的范围、继承顺序和继承份额均由被继承人生前做成的遗嘱来确定。我国法律规定,自然人可以依照本法规定立遗嘱处分个人财产,并可以指定遗嘱执行人。自然人可以立遗嘱将个人财产指定由法定继承人中的一人或者数人继承。自然人可以立遗嘱将个人财产赠与国家、集体或者法定继承人以外的组织、个人。自然人可以依法设立遗嘱信托。
法定继承和遗嘱继承之间的区别:
一、法定继承是按法律规定的范围、顺序来进行的;而遗嘱继承则是按财产所有人生前的意思来继承的。
二、法定继承人的继承份额是根据所有法定继承人的情况和赡养扶养情况来确定的;遗嘱继承人的继承份额是财产所有人在遗嘱中确定的。
三、遗嘱继承人必须是属于法定继承人范围内的人,而法定继承人不一定都是遗嘱继承人。
四、在我国,实行遗嘱继承优先于法定继承的原则。
关于遗产(estate)的处理:
《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千一百四十五条:
继承开始后,遗嘱执行人为遗产管理人;没有遗嘱执行人的,继承人应当及时推选遗产管理人;继承人未推选的,由继承人共同担任遗产管理人;没有继承人或者继承人均放弃继承的,由被继承人生前住所地的民政部门或者村民委员会担任遗产管理人。
Upon opening of a succession, the executor of the will is the administrator of the estate; where no executor is designated in the will, the successors shall elect an administrator in a timely manner. Where the successors fail to do so, all of the successors are co-administrators. Where there is no successor or where all of the successors disclaim inheritance, the civil affairs department or the villagers’ committee in the place where the decedent was domiciled at the time of his death shall serve as the administrator.
《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千一百四十七条:
遗产管理人(estate administrator)应当履行下列职责:
(一)清理遗产并制作遗产清单;verifying and making an inventory of the estate;
(二)向继承人报告遗产情况;verifying and making an inventory of the estate;
(三)采取必要措施防止遗产毁损、灭失;taking necessary measures to prevent the estate from being destructed, damaged, or lost;
(四)处理被继承人的债权债务;clearing the decedent’s claims and debts;
(五)按照遗嘱或者依照法律规定分割遗产;partitioning the estate in accordance with the will, or in accordance with law; and
(六)实施与管理遗产有关的其他必要行为。performing any other act necessary for managing the estate.
参考双语例句:
Even if a minor inherits land by will or on intestacy, the deceased's personal representatives may be reluctant to pass that land to the minor since they may be unable to rely solely on the minor's receipt of this gift to discharge them from their duties.
即便该未成年人是根据遗嘱或在无遗嘱情况下继承土地,死的遗产代埋人可能因为不能单凭该未成年人已收受该项赠与物而可解除遗产代理人的责任,因此不愿将土地转交予该未成年人。
They must adopt laws of intestate succession that comply with their obligations under the Convention.
缔约国必须通过与其根据《公约》所承担义务一致的无遗嘱继承法。
Most assume that the general laws of Hong Kong would apply to their properties whether they die testate or intestate.
大多数人士都以为不论他们在去世时是否有预立遗嘱,香港的一般法例都会对其物业适用。