①犯罪未遂,英文表达为“Attempt of crime”,是指犯罪分子已经着手实行犯罪,由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的犯罪停止形态。
《中华人民共和国刑法》第二十三条:
已经着手实行犯罪,由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的,是犯罪未遂。对于未遂犯,可以比照既遂犯从轻或者减轻处罚。
A criminal attempt refers to a case where an offender has already started to commit a crime but is prevented from completing it for reasons independent of his will. An offender who attempts to commit a crime may, in comparison with one who completes the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
②犯罪中止,其英文表达为“Discontinuance of crime”,在犯罪过程中,自动放弃犯罪或者自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生的,是犯罪中止。犯罪中止存在两种情况:一是未实行终了的中止,即在预备阶段或者实行行为还没有实行终了的犯罪过程中自动放弃犯罪;二是实行终了的中止,即在实行行为终了的情况下自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生。
《中华人民共和国刑法》第二十四条:
在犯罪过程中,自动放弃犯罪或者自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生的,是犯罪中止。对于中止犯,没有造成损害的,应当免除处罚;造成损害的,应当减轻处罚。
Discontinuation of a crime refers to a case where, in the course of committing a crime, the offender voluntarily discontinues the crime or voluntarily and effectively prevents the consequences of the crime from occurring. An offender who discontinues a crime shall, if no damage is caused, be exempted from punishment or, if any damage is caused, be given a mitigated punishment.
【总结犯罪未遂和犯罪中止的区别】:
1、发生时间不同。
犯罪未遂发生在已经着手实施犯罪以后;犯罪中止则要求必须在犯罪过程中放弃犯罪。
2、未能完成犯罪的原因不同。
在犯罪未遂中,犯罪未能得逞是由于行为人意志以外的原因;在犯罪中止中,行为人出于自己的意志而主动放弃当时可以继续实施和完成的犯罪。
3、刑事责任不同。
我国刑法规定,对于未遂犯,可以比照既遂犯从轻或者减轻处罚;对于中止犯,没有造成损害的,应当免除处罚,造成损害的,应当减轻处罚。
4、行为结果不同。
犯罪未遂的结果是犯罪未逞,是指行为人没有完成某一犯罪的全部构成要件,并不等于不发生任何损害结果;犯罪中止要求行为人必须彻底地放弃犯罪。
参考双语例句:
If the offence remains an attempt, it is deemed to have been committed also where, had the offence been completed, the consequence contained in the statutory definition of the offence either would probably have become apparent or would in the opinion of the perpetrator have become apparent.
如犯罪未遂,犯罪地点 视作如犯罪既遂可明显产生、或犯罪人认为可明显产生成文法犯罪定义所述犯罪后果所在地。
A person may be guilty of incitement, conspiracy or attempt to commit an offence specified in subsection (3) although the incitement, conspiracy or attempt occurs outside the ordinary limits of criminal jurisdiction, provided that the act incited, agreed upon or attempted is intended to be done within those limits and, if so done, would constitute such an offence.
某人可视为犯了煽惑串谋或意图触犯第(3)款所指定的罪行,尽管那项煽惑串谋或未遂罪是在普通刑法权限外发生,要是所煽惑串谋或意图的行为是预算在那些范围内作出的,而且如果作出了便会构成那样的罪行。
The penalty prescribed for the offence may be reduced in the case of attempt, particularly where the attempt bears evidence of little strength of or persistence in the criminal intention.
对于犯罪未遂,可减轻对该罪行所规定的处罚,特别是在犯罪未遂证明犯罪意图不强烈或没有持续性的情况下。