故意伤害罪（crime of intentional injury/wounding or causing grievous bodily harm with intent）以具有伤害的故意为前提，指行为人故意非法损害他人身体健康的行为。

过失致人重伤罪（Crime of negligence causing serious injury）的行为中则没有伤害他人身体的故意，按中国刑法属于侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪。本罪主要特征：（1）犯罪的主体必须是达到刑事责任年龄和有刑事责任能力的自然人。成年人犯本罪的负刑事责任，未成年人只有年满16周岁以上的才负刑事责任。（2）侵害的客体是他人的健康。（3）主观上具有过失。可能是疏忽大意的过失，也可能是过于自信的过失。（4）客观上必须造成致人重伤的后果。认定本罪时，要注意同意外事件的区别。

因此，区分二者的关键在于行为人主观上是否具有伤害的故意。

参考双语法规：

《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百三十四条：

故意伤害他人身体的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

A person who intentionally inflicts bodily injury upon another person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years.

犯前款罪，致人重伤的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；致人死亡或者以特别残忍手段致人重伤造成严重残疾的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。本法另有规定的，依照规定。

A person who commits a crime under the preceding paragraph and causes severe bodily injury to another person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years; and if causing another person’s death or, by especially cruel means, causing severe bodily injury to another person, thus resulting in severe deformity, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death. Where this Law has other provisions, such provisions shall govern.

《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百三十五条：

过失伤害他人致人重伤的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。本法另有规定的，依照规定。

A person who negligently injures another person and causes severe bodily injury to the latter shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention. Where this law has other provisions, such provisions shall govern.

参考双语例句：

Unintentional and intentional injuries cause more than 5 million deaths each year and several million temporary or permanent disabilities that require hospitalizations, emergency department visits and the use of other health services.

每年意外伤害和故意伤害导致超过 500 万人死亡和数百万临时或永久残疾， 需要住院、急诊和其他健康服务。

Acts of violence, detention or depredation committed against persons or property on board vessels or aircraft may, in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Code, constitute offences of malicious injury (article 234), wilful homicide (article 232), kidnapping (article 239), unlawful detention (article 238), robbery (article 263), forcible seizure (article 267), etc.

对船舶、飞机上的人或财物从事的暴力、扣留或掠夺行为，可以构成中 国《刑法》规定的故意伤害罪(第 234 条)、故意杀人罪(第 232 条)、绑架罪(第 239 条)、非法拘禁罪(第 238 条)、抢劫罪(第 263 条)、抢夺罪(第 267 条)等。

The Criminal Law treats as crimes the taking of a person’s life by premeditated murder or as a result of negligence, as well as through explosions or other major-liability accidents that result in loss of life, and provides penalties for such actions under the law.

对于故意杀人等剥夺他人生命或过失致人死亡以及爆炸、重大责任事故等侵犯他人生命的行为，《刑法》明确定为犯罪，依法予以惩处。