人的担保(personal security)是以人为担保及保证,一般在借款贷款等有此方面。这种担保方法实质上使债的共同担保措施扩张于第三人即保证人(warrantor)的一般财产上。当债务人不履行债务时,债权人有权向保证人请求履行或赔偿损失。保证人则有义务代替债务人履行债务和承担债的不履行的法律后果。人的担保主要是指保证。
物的担保(real security),是以债务人或第三人的特定财产作为抵偿债权的标的,在债务人不履行其债务时,债权人可以将财产变价,从中优先受偿的制度,主要有抵押、质押和留置。
依据我国相关法律的规定,同一债权同时存在物的担保和人的担保时,如果的约定的,按约定处理,没有约定的一般应当先就物的担保实现担保权,保证人只承担补充责任。
相关法律法规
《担保法》第六条:
本法所称保证,是指保证人和债权人约定,当债务人不履行债务时,保证人按照约定履行债务或者承担责任的行为。
《民法典》三百九十二条 :
【人保和物保并存时担保权的实行规则】被担保的债权既有物的担保又有人的担保的,债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现担保物权的情形,债权人应当按照约定实现债权;没有约定或者约定不明确,债务人自己提供物的担保的,债权人应当先就该物的担保实现债权;第三人提供物的担保的,债权人可以就物的担保实现债权,也可以请求保证人承担保证责任。提供担保的第三人承担担保责任后,有权向债务人追偿。
参考双语例句:
A registrant may register a notice of a security right in attachments to immovable property in the appropriate immovable property registry office of the enacting State by submitting a notice to that office setting out
登记人可在颁布国相关不动产登记处办公室登记不动产附 加 物的担保 权通 知,向该办公室提交列出以下内容的通知
Note to the Working Group: The Working Group may wish to note that the commentary will explain that: (a) recommendation 26 deals with the description of the encumbered assets in the notice (including attachments to immovable property); (b) if the regime governing registration in an immovable property registry does not permit registration of notices, it may need to be revised to permit registration of notices relating to potential security rights in attachments to immovable property (see the Guide, chap. III, para. 104); and (c) additional information may be provided in the form of an attachment to a notice to identify the assets in more detail or if additional space is needed.
工作组注意:工作组似宜注意到,评注将解释,(a)建议 26 所论述的是对 通知中设保资产(包括不动产附加物)的描述 ;(b)如果管辖不动产登记处登记 的制度并不允许对通知办理登记,则可能需要加以修改,以便允许对不动产附 加物潜在担保权相 关通知办理登记(见《指南》第三章第 104 段);及(c)为更加 详细地识别资产,或在需要更多空间时,可使用通知附件的形式提供补充信息。
Registration of a security right in attachments to immovable property in the immovable property registry might be left to immovable property law.
可将对在不动产登记处办理不动产附加物担保权的登记事宜留待不动产法处理。
If, however, the assignment of the right to payment of sub-royalties by the licensee to the licensor takes place after a security right is created and made effective by the licensee in its right to payment of sub-royalties, the licensor takes its rights to payment of sub-royalties subject to the security right of the licensee’s secured creditor and thus the licensor’s secured creditor takes its security right also subject to the security right of the licensee’s secured creditor (see recommendations 13 and 31).
不过,如果被许可人向许可人转让次级许可使用费受付权发生于 被许可人在其次级许可使用费受付权上设定了担保权并使之具有效力之后,则许可人取得的次级许可使用费受付权附带被许可人的有担保债权人的担保权,因而许可人的有担保债权人取得的担保权也附带被许可人的有担保债权人的担保权(见建议 13 和 31)。