事前防卫,又称“过早防卫”。是指对尚未开始的不法侵害行为的实施防卫。防卫不适时的一种情况。不符合正当防卫的条件,因此它不是正当防卫行为。事前防卫行为造成危害后果构成犯罪的,应当负刑事责任。
事后防卫,又称“迟误防卫”。是指对已经结束的不法侵害行为实施防卫行为。防卫不适时的一种情况。事后防卫不符合正当防卫的条件,因此不属于正当防卫,造成危害后果构成犯罪的,应当负刑事责任。它可以分为两种情况:
(1)明知侵害已经停止而仍继续防卫,即加害于侵害人,这种行为就是报复侵害,是一种故意犯罪(也就是借故生非)。
(2)应该预见而没有预
事前防卫、事后防卫与正当防卫的区别:
事前防卫、事后防卫及防卫过当的区别不是正当防卫,都应当承担法律责任。事先防卫就是侵害没有开始,事后防卫就是侵害已经结束防卫。
相关法律法规:
《刑法》第二十条规定:
为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害,而采取的制止不法侵害的行为,对不法侵害人造成损害的,属于正当防卫,不负刑事责任。
If a person employs an act to stop an unlawful infringement for the purpose of avoiding the said infringement for the State's or the the public interest or for his own or another person's right fo the person, property right or any other right, thus causing harm to the unlawful infringer, the said act shall be regarded as a justifiable defense and the said person shall not bear criminal responsibility.
正当防卫明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的,应当负刑事责任,但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。
If a justifiable defense apparently exceeds the limits of necessity, thus causing a serious harm, the person involved shall bear criminal responsibility, but be given a mitigated punishment or be exempt from punishment.
参考双语例句:
Signatory Companies will require that their Personnel not use firearms against persons except in self-defence or defence of others against the imminent threat of death or serious injury, or to prevent the perpetration of a particularly serious crime involving grave threat to life.
各签字公司将要求其员工不对他人使用火器, 但正当防卫、保护他人免受迫近的死亡或严重伤害威胁、以及防止实施确会带来死亡危险的特别严重罪行的情况除外。
The right of States to acquire legitimate means of defence in order to defend their security and protect their citizens must also be respected.
国家为维护本国安全和保护本国公民而获 取 正当防卫 手 段 的权利也必须得 到尊重。