过失犯罪(negligent crime/criminal negligence),是指应当预见自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果,因为疏忽大意而没有预见,或者已经预见而轻信能够避免,以致发生这种结果。成立过失犯以行为发生法益侵害结果为条件,除此之外,与故意犯罪一样,还要求有实行行为与结果回避可能性。我国刑法根据行为人是否已经遇见危害结果,将过失分为疏忽大意的过失和过于自信的过失。
意外事件(accident),是指行为在客观上造成了损害,但是行为人在主观上既没有故意也没有过失,而是由于不可抗拒或者不能预见的原因造成的,这种情况是意外事件。在意外事件的情况下,行为人不构成犯罪。
过失犯罪与意外事件的区分:
1、过失犯罪可以预见,意外事件违法预见;
2、过失犯罪需要负刑事责任,意外事件行为人不构成犯罪。
相关法律法规:
《刑法》第十五条:
【过失犯罪】应当预见自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果,因为疏忽大意而没有预见,或者已经预见而轻信能够避免,以致发生这种结果的,是过失犯罪。
过失犯罪,法律有规定的才负刑事责任。
参考双语例句:
On 8 September 2005, the court martial reportedly found these three officers guilty of negligence for not having observed proper procedures and sentenced them to six months’ detention, imposed a total fine of 100,000 rupees and declared them ineligible for promotion for one or two years.
据报告称,2005年9月8 日,军事法庭认定这三名军官因未能遵守正常程序犯有过失罪,被判处六个月监禁,处以10万尼泊尔卢比罚款,并宣布在一年或两年内无晋升资格。
Compensation is paid both in case of intentional crimes and crimes of negligence if the crime resulted in serious damage to victim’s health, a health disorder lasting for at least six months, or death.
如果犯罪导致受害者的健康严重受损,健康紊乱持续起码六个月或导致死亡,就不论是蓄意犯罪还是过失犯罪,都支付补偿。
The managing director of the aluminium plant in western Hungary that spilt millions of litres of toxic sludge was arrested on charges of criminal negligence, although later released.
匈牙利西部铝厂发生上百万公升有毒污泥泄漏事件,该铝厂总经理因为过失犯罪被捕,随即被释放。
Of particular relevance to deep seabed mining is article 194 (3) (d), which provides that States shall take measures to minimize to the fullest possible extent pollution from installations and devices in exploration or exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed and subsoil, in particular measures for preventing accidents and dealing with emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea and regulating the design, construction equipment, operation and manning of such installations or devices.
与海底采矿特别有关的第一九四条第3款(d项规定国家应采取措施,在最大可能范围内尽量减少来自在海洋环境内操作的其他设施和装置的污染,特别是为了防止意外事件和处理紧急情况,保证海上操作安全,以及规定这些设施或 装置的设计、建造、装备、操作和人员配备的措施。