国家所有权（State Ownership）：法律规定属于国家所有的财产，属于国家所有即全民所有。国有财产由国务院代表国家行使所有权。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。

所有权归国家所有的：

（一）矿藏、水流、海域属于国家所有。

（二）无居民海岛属于国家所有，国务院代表国家行使无居民海岛所有权。

（三）城市的土地，属于国家所有。法律规定属于国家所有的农 村和城市郊区的土地，属于国家所有。

（四）森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等自然资源，属于国家所有，但是法律规定属于集体所有的除外。

（五）法律规定属于国家所有的野生动植物资源，属于国家所有。

（六）无线电频谱资源属于国家所有。

（七）法律规定属于国家所有的文物，属于国家所有。

（八）国防资产属于国家所有。

（九）铁路、公路、电力设施、电信设施和油气管道等基础设施，依照法律规定为国家所有的，属于国家所有。

集体所有权（Collective Ownership）：集体所有的不动产和动产包括：

（一）法律规定属于集体所有的土地和森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂；

（二）集体所有的建筑物、生产设施、农田水利设施；

（三）集体所有的教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育等设施；

（四）集体所有的其他不动产和动产。

《民法典》第二百六十三条：

城镇集体所有的不动产和动产，依照法律、行政法规的规 定由本集体享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。

With respect to the immovable and movable property owned by an urban-town collective, the collective is entitled to possess, use, benefit from, and dispose of such property in accordance with laws and administrative regulations.

《民法典》第二百六十四条：

农村集体经济组织或者村民委员会、村民小组应当依照法 律、行政法规以及章程、村规民约向本集体成员公布集体财产的状况。集体成员有权查阅、复制相关资料。

Rural collective economic organizations, villagers’ committees, and villagers’ groups shall make the situation of the collectively-owned property known to the members of this collective in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and their articles of association, as well as the local covenants. Members of the collective have the right to retrieve and make copies of the relevant materials.

《民法典》第二百六十五条：

集体所有的财产受法律保护，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、破坏。

The property owned by a collective is protected by law, and no organization or individual may misappropriate, loot, secretly distribute, or destruct such property.

私人所有权（Private Ownership）：

《民法典》第二百六十六条：

私人对其合法的收入、房屋、生活用品、生产工具、原材 料等不动产和动产享有所有权。

A private individual has the right to own his lawful income, houses, articles for daily use, production tools, raw materials, as well as other immovable and movable property

《民法典》第二百六十七条：

私人的合法财产受法律保护，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、破坏。

The property lawfully owned by a private individual is protected by law, and no organization or individual may misappropriate, loot, or destruct such property.

参考双语例句:

The first examination of the reports shows new development in national implementing legislations such as the recognition of the State’s ownership to cultural objects originating from archaeological excavations (e.g. Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso and Germany), the elaboration of awareness-raising strategies (e.g. Canada), better knowledge of codes of professional ethics even if they are not legally binding.

对报告进行的第一次审查表明了国家实施立法取得了新的进展，如承认国家对经考古挖掘得到的文物的所有权（如安哥拉、博茨瓦纳、布基纳法索和德国），详细制定提高认识战略（如加拿大）以及更好地了解职业伦理守则，尽管这些守则不具有法律约束力。

Inclusive civic participation in mediation legitimizes the measures taken to end disputes, helps build trust, improves the chances of reaching settlements and awards the parties’ collective ownership of the process.

调解中包容性的公民参与使为结束争端所采取的措施合法化，有助于建立信任，增加达成解决的机会，鼓励进程中各方的集体自主权。

Creating the most favourable business environment possible; further developing legislation to prioritize and provide reliable guarantees for private ownership; giving greater freedom of entrepreneurship; reducing Government regulation and licensing; eliminating bureaucratic barriers and obstacles; introducing market instruments and systems providing small business owners with wide access to credit and raw material resources and to Government orders for their products.

尽可能创造最有利的营商环境；进一步制定立法，将私有权置于优先地位并为其提供保证；给予更大的创业自由；减少国家管制和许可程序；消除行政阻力和官僚障碍；实行市场手段和制度；为小企业主广开门路，使其能够获得信贷和原材料资源以及政府对其产品的订购