2020年5月28日，十三届全国人大三次会议表决对环境污染和生态破坏责任（Liability for Environmental Pollution and Ecological Damage）作出规定。

环境污染和生态破坏责任几种情形：

因污染环境、破坏生态造成他人损害的，侵权人应当承担侵权责任。侵权人违反法律规定故意污染环境、破坏生态造成严重后果的，被侵权人有权请求相应的惩罚性赔偿。

因污染环境、破坏生态发生纠纷，行为人应当就法律规定的不承担责任或者减轻责任的情形及其行为与损害之间不存在因果关系承担举证责任。

两个以上侵权人污染环境、破坏生态的，承担责任的大小，根据污染物的种类、浓度、排放量，破坏生态的方式、范围、程度，以及行为对损害后果所起的作用等因素确定。

因第三人的过错污染环境、破坏生态的，被侵权人可以向侵权人请求赔偿，也可以向第三人请求赔偿。侵权人赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。

参考双语法规：

《民法典》第一千二百三十四条：

违反国家规定造成生态环境损害，生态环境能够修复的，国家规定的机关或者法律规定的组织有权请求侵权人在合理期限内承担修复责任。侵权人在期限内未修复的，国家规定的机关或者法律规定的组织可以自行或者委托他人进行修复，所需费用由侵权人负担。

Where a tortfeasor causes damage to the ecological environment in violation of the State regulations and restoration is possible, the State authorized agencies or the organizations authorized by law have the right to request the tortfeasor to bear the responsibility for restoration within a reasonable period of time. Where the tortfeasor fails to restore it within the time limit, the State authorized agencies or the organizations authorized by law may initiate the restoration on its own or entrust it with others, provided that any expenses thus incurred shall be borne by the tortfeasor.

《民法典》第一千二百三十五条：

违反国家规定造成生态环境损害的，国家规定的机关或者法律规定的组织有权请求侵权人赔偿下列损失和费用：

（一）生态环境受到损害至修复完成期间服务功能丧失导致的损失；

losses caused by loss of service function from the time the ecological environment is damaged to the time the restoration is completed;

（二）生态环境功能永久性损害造成的损失；

losses caused by permanent damage to the function of the ecological environment ;

（三）生态环境损害调查、鉴定评估等费用；

expenses for investigation, appraisal, and assessment of the damage to the ecological environment;

（四）清除污染、修复生态环境费用；

expenses for cleaning-up the pollution and restoring the ecological environment; and

（五）防止损害的发生和扩大所支出的合理费用。

other reasonable expenses incurred to prevent the occurrence or aggravation of the damage.

参考双语例句：

The importance of effective environmental laws and the development of national law regarding liability for the victims of pollution and other environmental damage was recognized (Principle 13).

宣言确认，订立切实有效的环境法以及制定关于赔偿污染和其他环境损害受 害者的国内法很重要(原则13)。

Also encourages States to ratify or accede to international agreements addressing the protection and preservation of the marine environment and its living marine resources against the introduction of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens and marine pollution from all sources, including the dumping of wastes and other matter, and other forms of physical degradation, as well as agreements that provide for preparedness for, response to and cooperation on pollution incidents and that include provisions on liability and compensation for damage resulting from marine pollution, and to adopt the necessary measures consistent with the Convention aimed at implementing and enforcing the rules contained in those agreements.

又鼓励各国批准或加入有关保护和养护海洋环境及其海洋生物资源，防止引进有害水生物、病原体和各种来源（包括倾倒废物和其他物质）造成的海洋污染及其他形式的实际退化的国际协定，以及对防备、应对和合作处理污染事件并对海洋污染造成损害的责任和赔 偿作出规定的协定，并采取符合《公约》的必要措施执行和实施这些协定的规则。