审判长，英文可用presiding judge或者chief judge表达，是法院合议庭审理案件时，负责组织审判活动的审判人员。

开庭时，由审判长查明当事人是否到庭，宣布案由，宣布合议庭的组成人员，告知当事人各项权利，主持讯问，宣布辩论终结；如果诉讼参与人违反法庭秩序，审判长应警告制止，情节严重的，可责令退出法庭或依法追究刑事责任。

审判长不是固定职称，是在审理案件时临时指定或担任的。院长或者庭长参加审理案件时，由自己担任审判长。

审判人员不得接受当事人及其诉讼代理人请客送礼。审判人员有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的，应当追究法律责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

相关双语法规：

《民诉法》第四十二条：

合议庭的审判长由院长或者庭长指定审判员一人担任；院长或者庭长参加审判的，由院长或者庭长担任。

The president of the court or the chief judge of a division shall designate a judge to serve as the presiding judge of the collegial bench; if the president or the chief judge participates in trial, he himself shall serve as the presiding judge.

《民诉法》第四十四条：

审判人员应当依法秉公办案。

The adjudicating personnel shall handle the case impartially and according to law.

审判人员不得接受当事人及其诉讼代理人请客送礼。

The adjudicating personnel shall not accept a treat or gift from the parties or their agents.

审判人员有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的，应当追究法律责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Any adjudicating personnel who commits embezzlement, accepts bribes, practices favoritism for himself or relatives, twists the law in rendering judgment shall be investigated for legal responsibility; if a crime is committed, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

参考双语例句：

The above ruling by Court means that the death penalty is no longer mandatory for capital offences and leaves the decision whether or not to impose the death penalty solely in the hands of the presiding Judge; basing on consideration of all the relevant circumstances surrounding a particular case.

法院的上述裁决意味着，死刑对死罪不再是强制性的，是否判处死刑完全由审判长决定；以对某一特定案件的所有相关情况的考虑为基础。

Upon enquiry, the Advisory Committee was informed that, at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the differences in the employment conditions of the permanent and ad litem judges were those described in article 12 quater, paragraph (2), of the Tribunal’s statute, namely that ad litem judges were not eligible for election as, or to vote in the election of, the President of the Tribunal or the Presiding Judge of a Trial Chamber; nor did they have power to adopt rules of procedure and evidence, review an indictment or consult with the President of the Tribunal in relation to the assignment of judges or in relation to a pardon or commutation of sentence.

咨询委员会经询问获悉，卢旺达问题国际法庭常任法官和审案法官的雇用条件差异列在《卢旺达问题国际法庭规约》第 12 条之四第 2 款，即审案法官没有资格当选或选举法庭庭长或审判分庭主审法官，他们也没有权力通过程序和证据规则、审查起诉书、就法官任命或赦免、减刑事宜与法庭庭长进行协商。

I have the honour to transmit herewith letters dated 20 and 29 March 2012 from the President of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals and Presiding Judge of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Judge Theodor Meron, and the President of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Judge Vagn Joensen (see annexes I and II).

谨随函转递刑事法庭余留事项国际处理机制(余留机制)主席兼卢旺达问题国际法庭上诉分庭主审法官西奥 多·梅龙法官，以及卢旺达问题国际法庭庭长瓦格恩·约恩森法官2012年3月20日和29日的来信(见附件一和二)。