调解协议,系案件各当事人自行判断各方利益后,在审判人员的主持下达成的协议,提交给法院,法院据调解协议制作民事调解书。
调解书,是指人民法院制作的确认双方当事人协议内容的法律文书。它是法律应用写作研究的重要文种之一。裁决书是仲裁庭或仲裁员根据经过调解双方达成的协议制作的记载该调解结果的具有约束力的法律文书。
调解书和调解协议的区别如下:
一、调解协议具有民事合同性质,产生的是合同效力;而调解书具有法律强制执行力,一方当事人不履行生效调解书相关义务的,另一方当事人可以直接向人民法院申请强制执行。
二、调解协议是有调解机构依法制作的;而调解书则是由法院或者仲裁机构制作的。
下列案件调解达成协议,人民法院可以不制作调解书:
(一)调解和好的离婚案件;
(二)调解维持收养关系的案件;
(三)能够即时履行的案件;
(四)其他不需要制作调解书的案件。
对不需要制作调解书的协议,应当记入笔录,由双方当事人、审判人员、书记员签名或者盖章后,即具有法律效力。
参考双语法规:
《民诉法》第八十八条:
调解达成协议,必须双方自愿,不得强迫。调解协议的内容不得违反法律规定。
A mediation agreement must be based on voluntariness of both parties, and shall not be reached through compulsion. The content of the mediation agreement may not contravene the law.
《民诉法》第八十九条:
调解达成协议,人民法院应当制作调解书。调解书应当写明诉讼请求、案件的事实和调解结果。
When a mediation agreement is reached, the people’s court shall draw up a written mediation agreement. A mediation agreement shall clearly set forth the claims of the action, the facts about the case, and the result of the mediation.
调解书由审判人员、书记员署名,加盖人民法院印章,送达双方当事人。
The mediation statement shall be signed by the judge and the court clerk, sealed by the people’s court, and served on both parties.
调解书经双方当事人签收后,即具有法律效力。
Once the mediation agreement is signed and exchanged by both parties, it shall become legally binding.
参考双语例句:
However, an applicant may file an application to enforce the implementation of an agreement reached through mediation, which shall be receivable if the agreement has not been implemented and the application is filed within 90 calendar days after the last day for the implementation as specified in the mediation agreement or, when the mediation agreement is silent on the matter, after the thirtieth day from the date of the signing of the agreement.
但如果协议未得到执行,申请人可在自调解协议规定的最后执行日起90个历日内,或者如果调解协议未规定最后执行日,可在自签署协议之日起算的第30天之后的90个历日内,提出申请,要求强制执行调解达成的协议,这种申请可受理。
The United Nations Ombudsman, who is part of the informal system of internal justice, is at the Assistant Secretary-General level, yet mediation agreements brokered by the Ombudsman can only be enforced by the judges of the formal system, who are at the D-2 level.
作为非正式内部司法系统一员的联合国监察员设为助理秘书长级,但经监察员斡旋的调解协议只能由正式系统内D-2职等的法官加以执行。
For example, mediation agreements may be reached by the United Nations Ombudsman, who holds a post at the Assistant Secretary-General level, but such agreements can only be enforced by the Dispute Tribunal judges, who hold posts at the D-2 level.
如其员额属于助理秘书长职等的联合国监察员可达成调解协议,但这些协议只能由其员额属于D-2职等的争议法庭法官来执行。