Bretton Woods system即“布雷顿森林体系”，是以美元和黄金为基础的金汇兑本位制，其实质是建立一种以美元为中心的国际货币体系。基本内容包括美元与黄金挂钩、国际货币基金会员国的货币与美元保持固定汇率（实行固定汇率制度）。布雷顿森林货币体系的运转与美元的信誉和地位密切相关。

“布雷顿森林体系”建立了国际货币基金组织和世界银行两大国际金融机构。前者负责向成员国提供短期资金借贷，目的为保障国际货币体系的稳定；后者提供中长期信贷来促进成员国经济复苏。

“布雷顿森林体系”的主要内容包括以下几点：

第一，美元与黄金挂钩。各国确认1944年1月美国规定的35美元一盎司的黄金官价，每一美元的含金量为0.888671克黄金。各国政府或中央银行可按官价用美元向美国兑换黄金。为使黄金官价不受自由市场金价冲击，各国政府需协同美国政府在国际金融市场上维持这一黄金官价。

第二，其他国家货币与美元挂钩，其他国家政府规定各自货币的含金量，通过含金量的比例确定同美元的汇率。

第三，实行可调整的固定汇率。《国际货币基金协定》规定，各国货币对美元的汇率，只能在法定汇率上下各1%的幅度内波动。若市场汇率超过法定汇率1%的波动幅度，各国政府有义务在外汇市场上进行干预，以维持汇率的稳定。若会员国法定汇率的变动超过10%，就必须得到国际货币基金组织的批准。1971年12月，这种即期汇率变动的幅度扩大为上下2。25%的范围，决定“平价”的标准由黄金改为特别提款权。布雷顿森林体系的这种汇率制度被称为“可调整的钉住汇率制度”。

第四，各国货币兑换性与国际支付结算原则。《协定》规定了各国货币自由兑换的原则：任何会员国对其他会员国在经常项目往来中积存的本国货币，若对方为支付经常项货币换回本国货币。考虑到各国的实际情况，《协定》作了“过渡期”的规定。《协定》规定了国际支付结算的原则：会员国未经基金组织同意，不得对国际收支经常项目的支付或清算加以限制。

第五，确定国际储备资产。《协定》中关于货币平价的规定，使美元处于等同黄金的地位，成为各国外汇储备中最主要的国际储备货币。

第六，国际收支的调节。国际货币基金组织会员国份额的25%以黄金或可兑换成黄金的货币缴纳，其余则以本国货币缴纳。会员国发生国际收支逆差时，可用本国货币向基金组织按规定程序购买（即借贷）一定数额的外汇，并在规定时间内以购回本国货币的方式偿还借款。会员国所认缴的份额越大，得到的贷款也越多。贷款只限于会员国用于弥补国际收支赤字，即用于经常项目的支付。

20世纪70年代初，在日本，西欧崛起的同时，美国经济实力相对削弱，无力承担稳定美元汇率的责任，贸易保护主义抬头，相继两次宣布美元贬值。各国纷纷放弃本国货币与美元的固定汇率，采取浮动汇率制。以美元为中心的国际货币体系瓦解，美元地位下降。美元失去霸主地位，但迄今为止仍然是最重要的国际货币。

以下是法律英语词典中对这一术语的解读，内容会更直观易懂，供你参考：

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia and Japan in the mid-20th century. The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. The chief features of the Bretton Woods system were an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate (±1 percent) by tying its currency to gold and the ability of the IMF to bridge temporary imbalances of payments. Also, there was a need to address the lack of cooperation among other countries and to prevent competitive devaluation of the currencies as well.

Preparing to rebuild the international economic system while World War II was still raging, 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, also known as the Bretton Woods Conference. The delegates deliberated during 1–22 July 1944, and signed the Bretton Woods agreement on its final day. Setting up a system of rules, institutions, and procedures to regulate the international monetary system, these accords established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)， which today is part of the World Bank Group. The United States, which controlled two thirds of the world's gold, insisted that the Bretton Woods system rest on both gold and the US dollar. Soviet representatives attended the conference but later declined to ratify the final agreements， charging that the institutions they had created were "branches of Wall Street." These organizations became operational in 1945 after a sufficient number of countries had ratified the agreement.

On 15 August 1971, the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the US dollar to gold, effectively bringing the Bretton Woods system to an end and rendering the dollar a fiat currency. This action, referred to as the Nixon shock, created the situation in which the US dollar became a reserve currency used by many states. At the same time, many fixed currencies (such as the pound sterling, for example) also became free-floating.