哪位能够讲一下onerous的具体用法吗?

哪位能够讲一下onerous的具体用法吗?

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“Onerous”平时比较常见的含义是“繁重”,比如常用短语“onerous burden”(沉重的负担)。但是,在大陆法和会计领域,“onerous”可以表示“具有相当对价的;有偿的”,亦可以表示“负有的责任或义务超过所得利益的”。

 

例句如下所示:

 

1. 表示“繁重”。

例句:

The so-called waiving system just affirms the itemized charging policy. In it is hidden the principle of "having those who can afford pay", showing only a little kindness here and there. Moreover, implementation of the waiving system will only entail onerous administrative work for medical social workers as well as tremendous administrative costs for the HA in the vetting of applicants' financial background and status.

所谓豁免制度,等于肯定了逐项收费的政策,是隐含了「能者自付」的原则,而只在其中略施小恩小惠。再者,推行豁免制度,亦只会带来医务社工繁重的行政工作及医管局庞大的行政开支,以审核申请人的经济背景和财政状况。

(来源:legco.gov.hk)

 

2. 表示“有偿”,比如,有偿合同就是“onerous contract”(合同双方都负有履行各自承诺的义务),与之对应的是“无偿”(gratuitous),无偿合同(gratuitous contract)是指以受允诺人(promisee)受益为目的而订立的合同,但无需其作出或承诺任何补偿。

例句:

原文:

法律对其他有偿合同有规定的,依照其规定;没有规定的,参照适用买卖合同的有关规定。

(《中华人民共和国民法典》第六百四十六条)

译文:

Where there are provisions of laws governing other non-gratuitous contracts, such provisions shall be followed. In an absence of such a provision, the relevant provisions on sales contracts shall be applied mutatis mutandis.

 

3. 表示“负有的责任或义务超过所得利益的”。

例句:

This Standard defines an onerous contract as a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. The unavoidable costs under a contract reflect the least net cost of exiting from the contract, which is the lower of the cost of fulfilling it and any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfil it.

(IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets)

亏损合同,是指履行合同义务不可避免会发生的成本超过预期经济利益的合同。其中,“履行合同义务不可避免会发生的成本”应当反映退出该合同的最低净成本,即履行该合同的成本与未能履行该合同而发生的补偿或处罚两者之间的较低者。

(《企业会计准则解释第15号》)

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