“prima facie”指的是“初步的、表面的”,“prima facie evidence”“表面证据;初步证据”,指表面上充分有效的证据,在法律上足以证明当事人的请求或答辩所依据的事实。但对方当事人可以提出反证加以反驳,在此情况下,审判人员应对各种证据进行综合比较与权衡。其英文释义如下:
Prima facie evidence, which is based on a typical set of facts that, according to the general experience of life, justifies the assumption of a certain cause or consequence, is admissible ("res ipsa loquitur").
以下为双语示例:
We express no opinion as to any provision that a calculation, determination, certification, statement, opinion or other matter is conclusive and binding, as such a provision may not be effective if such calculation, determination, certification, statement, opinion or matter is fraudulent or manifestly incorrect. A Hong Kong court may regard such a calculation, determination, certification, statement, opinion or matter as no more than prima facie evidence.
我们对计算、裁定、证明、声明、意见或其他事项具有决定性和约束力的任何规定不发表任何意见,因为如果此类计算、确定、证明、声明、意见或事项具有欺诈性或明显不正确,则此类规定可能无效。香港法院可将该等计算、裁定、证明、陈述、意见或事宜仅视为表面证据;。
【知识拓展】
与“prima facie”相关的术语如下:
Prima facie case 初步证明的案件,有两种含义:①原告提出的证据足以支持其诉讼请求,从而可以将案件交付陪审团裁断;②原告已提出足以支持其诉讼请求的证据,如被告不能提出足以反驳的反证,法庭必然判决原告胜诉。
Prima facie presumption初步推定。在被当事人提出的相反证据推翻以前有效的推定,即可反驳的推定,即可反驳的推定(rebuttable presumption)。
Prima facie tort表面侵权行为,指采用原为合法的手段,在无正当理由的情况下有意造成他人损害的行为。美国一些司法管辖区已确认了此类侵权行为,对依传统侵权行为法不可起诉的恶意行为提供救济。这种行为尤多见于商业及贸易环境中。