“无罪推定”即无罪推定原则，意指“未经审判证明有罪确定前，推定被控告者无罪”。无罪推定是一种典型的直接推定，无须基础事实即可证明无罪这一推定事实的存在。换言之，证明被告犯罪的责任由控诉一方承担，被告人不负证明自己有罪的义务。“无罪推定”原则是国际通行的刑事诉讼基本准则，

任何受刑事控告者，在被证实和判决有罪之前，应推定无罪。无罪推定是为确定被告人在刑事诉讼中的地位，据此设定被告人的诉讼权利义务，设定控辩对抗的现代诉讼机制。“被告人不等于罪犯”，这是无罪推定的首要之义。即在刑事诉讼中，无论何人，哪怕是现行犯，在未经法院依法审判确认有罪之前，其身份只能是“嫌疑人”、“被告人”；关于案由，只能是“涉嫌”作什么。只有确立无罪推定原则，被告人才成为诉讼主体，享有与原告对等的诉讼地位，享有以辩护权为核心的各项诉讼权利。

“无罪推定”对应的英文为Presumption of Innocence。The presumption of innocence is a legal principle that every person accused of any crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. Under the presumption of innocence, the legal burden of proof is thus on the prosecution, which must present compelling evidence to the trier of fact (a judge or a jury). If the prosecution does not prove the charges true, then the person is acquitted of the charges. The prosecution must in most cases prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If reasonable doubt remains, the accused must be acquitted.

“有罪推定”是指未经司法机关依法判决有罪，对刑事诉讼过程中的被追诉人，推定其为实际犯罪人。采用“有罪推定”的国家大多为实行欧陆法系（大陆法）国家及地区。

“有罪推定”主要表现为两种形式：

一是未经司法机关依法判决有罪，一般民众对被追诉人有罪判断严重外化且侵害被追诉人的名誉权、隐私权等基本权利或者对被追诉人的定罪量刑形成消极的舆论引导；

二是在司法机关依法判决确定有罪与否以前（具体是指在缺乏证实犯罪事实和犯罪情节的情况下），公权力机关侵害被追诉人人身权利和诉讼权利或者对被追诉人形成有罪预断乃至作出有罪处理。值得注意的是，作为一种社会现象，除了刑讯逼供这样“看得见的形式”外，有罪推定往往隐藏在一些观念与制度的背后，并表现为一系列潜在的不易被察觉的规则或形式。

“有罪推定”对应的英文为Presumption of Guilt。Presumption of guilt is any presumption within the criminal justice system that a person is guilty of a crime, for example a presumption that a suspect is guilty unless or until proven to be innocent.

以下为相关双语示例：

法院和法庭的组织和运行仍符合基本原则，尤其是国际司法条约确立的基本原则：司法独立和公正，法律面前人人平等、不受歧视，无罪推定，犯罪和刑罚的合法性，两级司法机关以及获得司法辩护、援助和帮助的权利。

The organization and functioning of the courts and tribunals remain in line with the fundamental principles established in particular by international instruments on justice, these being: the independence and impartiality of the judiciary; equality before the law without discrimination; presumption of innocence; the rule requiring that offences and punishments shall be strictly defined by law; the right to a second hearing and the right to a defence, to assistance and to legal aid.

在此方面，必须强调，虽然杀人者的身份仍然不明，但占领国显然依据有罪推定行事 ，刻意惩罚数千名巴勒斯坦人并扰乱了他们的生活。

In this regard, it must be stressed that, although the attacker or attackers who perpetrated the killings are unknown, the occupying Power, clearly operating on a presumption of guilt, is deliberately punishing and disrupting the lives of thousands of Palestinian civilians.