以上术语确实常被译为“定金”,但实际上它们之间是存在较大差异的。
Deposit(也称为security deposit)指“履约保证金”, 指为合同的履行而支付的定金〔earnest money〕或押金〔security〕。如果支付保证金的一方未能履行合同,则作为惩罚,其将失去所支付的保证金。在房屋租赁中,通常由承租人支付保证金,如果承租人未损坏租赁物也未违反合同及法律的约定和规定,则保证金可以退还;但美国的一些州也要求出租人支付保证金,以备租赁物必要维修之用。亦简作「deposit」。合同一方收到deposit后,一般不能先动用;deposit也可作为押金,如图书馆借书所交纳的押金,如不归还所借之书,押金则会被没收。
Earnest money (也称为earnest money、bargain money、caution money、hand money)多指买卖中的“购货定金”,起源于动产买卖,现在常用于不动产交易,且经常交由第三人代管(in escrow),如违约不买,也会被没收。
Down payment多指缔结合同时约定付款中的“首付款”或“头款”,其与“deposit”区别的地方在于合同一方收到down payment后,即可动用;且down payment不具有定金所含的如果违约则应双倍偿还的性质。
以下为相关双语示例,供参考:
I put down a $500 security deposit for another apartment.
我为另一套公寓支付了$500押金。
You will lose your deposit if you cancel the order.
如果撤销订单,保证金将不予退还。
But you need to look for an officeholder to make security, perhaps intend corresponding earnest money.
但是你们需要找一个公务员作担保人,或者预备相应的保证金。
Party A shall bear the interest on the usance L/C and the down payment of Party B.
甲方负担远期信用证及乙方首付款的利息。
①The deposit is applied against the purchase price of the property when the sale closes. The deposit will become part of the down payment. If the sale does not close, the deposit is lost.
将在销售结束时用于抵扣房产的购买价格。定金将成为首付款的一部分。如果销售没有完成,定金就会丢失。
②Earnest money is a financial commitment signaling the buyer’s serious intent to purchase a home.
一种财务承诺,标志着买方对购买房屋的认真意向。不是直接交给卖方的。它通常由第三方(如产权公司)放在一个托管账户中,并保留到成交日期。在成交时,诚意金被用于支付首付或成交费用。
③Down payment is the cash payment the buyer puts down on the home purchase. The rest of the purchase price is usually financed, unless the buyer makes an all-cash purchase, in which case the balance is paid at closing by a certified check or wire transfer.
买方为购房支付的现金。购买价格的其余部分通常是融资的,除非买方是全现金购买,在这种情况下,余额在成交时以认证支票或电汇支付。首付的数额各不相同,通常从3%到20%或更多,取决于贷款的类型和其他一些考虑因素。
②与③关系:
联系:The earnest money deposit can be viewed as part of the down payment. While an earnest money deposit functions as a promise to the seller, a down payment is a promise to the lender providing your mortgage loan.
区别:earnest money的作用是对卖方的承诺,而 down payment则是对提供抵押贷款的贷款人的承诺。