法律英语翻译中经常会碰到“有权”一词,这一词怎么翻?Have the right to好还是be entitled to好?

法律英语翻译中经常会碰到“有权”一词,这一词怎么翻?Have the right to好还是be entitled to好?

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这里的“有权”即“有权利”包含两层意思:“权力”和“利益”。“权力”指权利主体或受法律保护者以某种方式作为或不作为的自由;“利益”指其对某种利益或财产标的的所有权或主张。


Have the right to 主要指人人都可享有的、平等的权利,如:


All persons have therefore the right to express themselves and to create and disseminate their work in the language of their choice, and particularly in their mother tongue; all persons are entitled to quality education and training that fully respect their cultural identity; and all persons have the right to participate in the cultural life of their choice and conduct their own cultural practices, subject to respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

因此,每个人都应当能够用其选择的语言,特别是用自己的母语来表达自己的思想,进行创作和传播自己的作品;每个人都有权接受充分尊重其文化特性的优质教育和 培训;每个人都应当能够参加 其选择的文化生活和从事自己所特有的文化活动,但必须在尊重人权和基本自由的范围内。


In accordance with the terms of the Ordinance, we have the right to charge a reasonable fee for the processing of any data access request.

根据上述条例的条款,香港海关有权就处理任何查阅资料要求而征收合理费用。 


一般法律条款中,如果法律文本中权力或权利的行使人是既没有官衔也没有获得任何特别授予之权限的小人物,则有权也为“have the right to”:


人民法院审理案件,除法律规定的特别情况外,一律公开进行。被告人有权获得辩护。

Except in special circumstances as specified by law, all cases in the people's courts are heard in public. The accused has the right to defence.



Be entitled to实际上是一种小小的特权,一般指的是由于权利主体做出了某种贡献、符合某一标准或获得某种资格而可以享有或被某权力机构赋予的“有利益可图”的权利,并非是同一语境中人人可以享有的、平等的权利。An entitlement is something generally granted as a result of an action or circumstance.


如:

The Conversion Shares shall, save as provided for in these provisions, rank pari passu in all respects with the Ordinary Shares in issue at the time the Conversion Shares are issued, and shall, subject to the proviso of paragraph 5(C) in this Bye-law 6(C) and this paragraph 7, entitle the holders thereof to all distributions paid or made on the Ordinary Shares by reference to a Record Date falling after the Conversion Date, provided that if a Record Date after the Conversion Date is in respect of any distribution in respect of any financial period of the Company ended prior to such Conversion Date, the holders of the Conversion Shares will not be entitled to such distribution. 

除该等条文所规定者外,兑换股份在各方面与发行兑换股份时已发行的普通股享有同等地位,并在本公司细则第6(C)条第 5(C)段及本第7段条文的规限下,赋予兑换股份持有人权利获得于兑换日期后 记录日期普通股所获派付或作出的一切分派,惟倘于兑换日期后记 录日期就本公司截至该兑换日期前止任何财务期间作出任何分派, 则兑换股份持有人将无权获得有关分派。 

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