美国公债根据债券的到期年限不同，大约分为4类可转让债券，

依短中长年限可分为T-Bill(Treasury Bills)、T- Note (Treasury Note)、T-Bonds(Treasury Bond)，还有抗通膨债券TIPS(Treasury Inflation Protected Securities)，主要介绍T-bill、T-Note、T-Bond这3种的差异：

首先我们可以看Investopedia上的辨析：

Treasury bonds, Treasury bills, and Treasury notes are all government-issued fixed income securities that are deemed safe and secure.

The federal government offers fixed-income securities to consumers and investors to fund its operations, including Treasury bonds, Treasury notes, and Treasury bills. Treasuries are debt instruments in which investors are lending the U.S. government the purchase amount of the bond. In return, investors are paid interest or a rate of return. When the bond matures (or maturity date), investors are paid the face value of the bond.

Treasury bonds, notes, and bills have different maturity dates and can pay interest in different ways. However, all Treasuries have zero default risk, meaning they are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. However, the safety offered by Treasuries comes with a lower return on investment than their alternative, riskier counterparts; corporate bonds.

美国短期国库券(Treasury Bills, T-Bill)，到期年限一般是1年内到期天数为4周(1个月)、13周(约3个月)、26周(约6个月)、52周(约1年)，发行频率为每周发行。到期日为13周及26周：每星期一标售。到期日为4周：每星期二标售。到期日为52周：每4周进行标售，标售日会在星期二。（T-bills have the shortest maturity terms—from four weeks to one year.）其特点为短期公债，采折价发行，不会在到期前支付利息，而是在买进时直接由面额折价，在到期日时收到票面金额。

美国国库票据(Treasury Notes , T-Note)，到期年限一般是2～10(含)年以内

到期年限为2、3、5、7、10年。每月发行。2、5、7年：每月月底进行标售。3、10年：每月月中进行标售。（T-notes mature anywhere between two and 10 years, with bi-annual interest payments, but lower yields.）其特点为中期公债，属于付息债券，每6个月付息一次，是目前最主要的公债种类。10 年期美国政府公债，是许多人观察美债市场常用的指标，多数人认为其收益率能显示市场对美国总体经济的长期看法。

美国国库长期债券(Treasury Bonds , T-Bond)，到期年限一般是10 年以上～30 年目前主要发行 30 年券，每月发行。每年在2月、8月拍卖一次。其特点为长期公债，属于付息债券，每6个月付息一次，到期时会支付最后一期利息与票面价格的加总给持有人。（T-bonds mature in 20 or 30 years and offer the highest interest payments bi-annually.）长期债券发行时，会设定一个接近当时的市场殖利率的数值作为票面利率来进行拍卖。