坎蒂隆效应是指货币量的变化对实体经济的不同影响取决于货币介入经济的方式, 以及谁是新增货币的持有者。
经济学家哈耶克曾经这样描述过:这种效应更像我们把一种黏性液体,例如蜂蜜,倒入一个容器当中的时候发生的现象。这个液体会有扩散到整个瓶底表面的趋势,但是液体流动、扩散会有一个过程。刚开始,蜂蜜倒下去的时候,会有一个轻轻的隆起,而这个隆起会慢慢地向外扩散。即使我们不再往里面倒入更多的蜂蜜,要达到完全持平的表面,仍然需要一段时间。
顺附Investopedia对坎蒂隆效应的讲解:
A Cantillon effect is an uneven change in relative prices resulting from a change in money supply, which was first described by 18th-century economist Richard Cantillon (who inspired political economists like Adam Smith and David Ricardo).
坎蒂隆效应是货币供应变化引起的相对价格的不均匀变化,18世纪经济学家理查德·坎蒂隆首次描述了这种效应,他启发了亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图等政治经济学家。
Creating an abundance of cheap money via banks does not automatically mean that demand for everything will rise simultaneously. Instead, history shows that certain assets take favor over others, leading to rising in some areas of the economy and falling prices in others.
通过银行创造大量廉价资金,并不一定意味着所有东西的需求都会同时上升。相反,历史表明,某些资产会优先于其他资产,从而导致某些经济领域的价格上涨,而另一些领域的价格下跌。
Because money added to the economy (through lending and asset purchases by the central bank) or removed from the economy (through debt write-downs and liquidations) happen at specific points in the economy rather than in all markets simultaneously, both inflation and deflation tend to occur as processes over time with differential and sequential changes in prices in different markets. The resulting relative price changes that occur may confuse observers over whether the economy is undergoing overall inflation or deflation.
由于增加到经济中的货币(通过中央银行的贷款和资产购买)或从经济中取出的货币(通过债务减记和清偿)发生在经济中的特定点,而不是在所有市场同时发生,随着时间的推移,通货膨胀和通货紧缩倾向于同时发生,不同市场中的价格有差别且连续地变化。由此产生的相对价格变化可能会让观察者对经济是在经历总体通胀还是通缩感到困惑。