scheduling在供应链中一般指排程。

一般而言，一直假设生产能力需求计划知道订单应当在合适在工作中心开始加工。多数订单要经过多个工作中心加工，因此必须计算订单在每个工作中心的开始时间和完工时间，这样最后的交货期才能得以保证。这个过程叫做排程(scheduling)。《APICS辞典》第14版将排程定义为“计划事件的时间表”。

Back scheduling指倒/逆向排程。

一种工作排程方法，从计划完成的日期开始，将需要执行的工作任务按由后向前逆推的顺序来进行工作计划安排。 

Back scheduling is a fundamental component of MRP. It is a technique for calculating operation start dates and due dates. To develop the schedule, start and due dates for each operation are calculated working backwards from the order due dates.

进行倒排程时需要知道每个订单的以下信息：数量和交货期。作业顺序和需要的工作中心。

每个作业的准备时间和加工时间。排队、等待和搬运时间。工作中心可用产能（额定产能和实际产能）。排程过程如下：计算每个订单在每个工作中心的所需产能(时间)。从交货期开始，从后向前排程计算每个作业的完工日期和开始日期。

Forward scheduling指前向/顺向排程。

它从第一个作业开始，然后向后逐次算出每个作业的开始和结束日期，从而求出最后的完成日期。

Forward scheduling is planning with the primary objective of completing a task as soon as possible, with plenty of lead time. In production and manufacturing, forward scheduling typically means planning to ensure that each step in a process is completed immediately when the time or resources are available.

以下为相关双语示例，供参考：

Basically, forward scheduling answers the question “When, at the earliest, can production start?”

Forward scheduling makes perfect sense, especially in serial production. When an order comes in, add it on top of the pile. This is a simple approach to planning: the customer tells you what they need, and you tell them when the possible delivery time is.

一般而言，前向排程回答的是“最早什么时候可以开始生产”的问题。前向排程是非常有意义的，特别是在批量生产中。当订单进来时，将它置于首要位置。这一方法其实很简单：客户告诉你他们需要什么，你告诉他们最早交付时间是何时。

Both backward scheduling and forward scheduling offer advantages. Neither one is better than the other, and each has its own trade-offs; some logistics coordinators even benefit from using a blend of the two. To choose which strategy works best for your business, you’ll need to consider two main factors: what type of business or delivery service you run and how you prefer to organize schedules.

逆向排程和前向排程各有优劣。没有哪个更为优秀之说，各自都有自己的优缺点；一些物流协调人员甚至可以通过结合两者获益。选择哪一策略更适合您的业务时，您主要需要考虑两个因素：您经营的是何种类型的业务或交付服务以及您更喜欢如何进行排程。