“汇兑损益”怎么翻译呀?求解答~

“汇兑损益”怎么翻译呀?求解答~

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汇兑损益 Exchange Gains Or Losses

汇兑损益亦称汇兑差额、外汇损益。企业在发生外币交易、兑换业务和期末账户调整及外币报表换算时,由于采用不同货币,或同一货币不同比价的汇率核算时产生的、按记账本位币折算的差额。简单地讲,汇兑损益是在各种外币业务的会计处理过程中,因采用不同的汇率而产生的会计记账本位币金额的差异。

企业经营期间正常发生的汇兑损益,根据产生的业务,一般,可划分为四种:

1、在发生以外币计价的交易业务时,因收回或偿付债权、债务而产生的汇兑损益,称为“交易外币汇兑损益”;

2、在发生外币与记账本位币,或一种外币与另一种外币进行兑换时产生的汇兑损益,称为“兑换外币汇兑损益”;

3、在现行汇率制下,会计期末将所有外币性债权、债务和外币性货币资金账户,按期末社会公认的汇率进行调整而产生的汇兑损益,称为“调整外币汇兑损益”;

4、会计期末为了合并会计报表或为了重新修正会计记录和重编会计报表,而把外币计量单位的金额转化为记账本位币计量单位的金额,在此过程中产生的汇兑损益,称为 “换算外币汇兑损益”。

企业除了上述四种正常经营期间内发生的一般外币业务汇兑损益以外,还有非正常经营期间发生的汇兑损益和经营期间特殊外币业务发生的汇兑益。包括企业开办期间收到外币性投资而产生的资本折算差额的汇兑损益;企业筹建期间由于外币收付业务产生的汇兑损益;企业清算期间由于企业各项资产及外币性长短期债权、债务的调整和结算处理而产生的汇兑损益;企业经营期间发生的特殊外币业务,如外币性长期投资、外币性长期负债、外币性的风险规避措施等经济业务也都会产生汇兑损益。

An exchange gain or loss is caused by a change in the exchange rate between when an invoice was issued and when it was paid. When an invoice is entered in at one rate and paid at another, this will generate an exchange gain or loss.

Suppose your company invoices a customer abroad and therefore you invoice for these goods in a different currency from the currency you normally bank in. Whilst you will have correctly converted your prices, when the customer goes to pay for this invoice, the rate of exchange will invariably be different from when you booked the invoice in your accounting system. Consequently, you’ll receive a slightly different amount in payment than you invoiced for. This difference is called an exchange gain or loss, depending on which way the exchange rate has changed, i.e., whether the currencies involved have increased or decreased in value (a gain or loss).

例句1

A foreign currency exchange gain or loss is the gain or loss realized due to the change in exchange rates between the booking date and the payment date of a transaction involving an asset or liability denominated in a nonfunctional currency. The gain or loss from disposing of nonfunctional currency is determined by the change in exchange rates between the date the nonfunctional currency was acquired and the date of disposition.

外币汇兑损益是指涉及以非记账本位币计值的资产或负债的交易的记账日和支付日之间的汇率变动所产生的损益。处置非记账本位币的收益或损失由非记账本位币收购日和处置日之间的汇率变化决定。

例句2

A foreign exchange gain/loss occurs when a company buys and/or sells goods and services in a foreign currency, and that currency fluctuates relative to their home currency. It can create differences in value in the monetary assets and liabilities, which must be recognized periodically until they are ultimately settled.

当公司以外币购买和/或销售商品和服务,并且该货币相对于其本币波动时,就会发生外汇损益。它会造成货币资产和负债的价值差异,在最终结算之前,必须定期确认这些差异。

例句3

A transaction exchange gain or loss is triggered when there is a fluctuation in the exchange rate of two currencies that are applied to a business transaction.

当应用于业务交易的两种货币的汇率出现波动时,就会触发交易汇兑损益。


相关知识拓展:

汇兑损益帐务处理方法

不同性质的汇兑损益,应当计入不同的会计报表,影响财务报表上的不同内容。

对于交易损益来说,由于它是随着外币业务的产生而产生的,而外币业务由通常对应着一定的货币兑换行为,所以交易损益会真正发生,即交易损益的产生会最终影响企业的现金流入流出量。因此,交易损益应当计入企业的损益表,影响企业的应税收益。

对于换算损益来说,它只是换算外币财务报表的过程中,由于使用的汇率不一致而产生的一个差额数字,它是永远不会真正产生的,即换算损益的产生不会直接影响企业的现金流入、流出量。因此,换算损益不应当计入公司的损益表而对企业的应税收益产生影响,它应当在资产负债表的“股东权益”项目下,单独列示“换算损益”进行反映。

从处理的时间来看,可以分为两种方法:一种是把汇兑损益计入当期会计报表,进行立即认定,一种是根据各种不同的规则进行递延处理。

对于“已清算交易的汇兑损益”,应当计入清算当期的损益表,影响当期的损益;而“未清算交易的汇兑损益”项目,则应递延至其发生,即递延至交易实际清算时,再列入损益表。

总之,对于交易损益而言,只有当其实际发生时,才会对企业的应税收益产生影响,应当计入损益表。此外,某些与取得长期资产或产生长期负债有关的汇兑损益,如果数额较大,则应当在长期资产的使用期或长期债务的有效期内进行摊销。

换算损益由于不涉及不同的会计期间,所以不存在递延与否的问题。

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