合同中的“尽力”怎么判定尽力程度?英文如何表达?

合同中的“尽力”怎么判定尽力程度?英文如何表达?

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“尽力”一词在合同中,有“尽合理努力”和“尽最大努力”之分。不管是哪种努力,仅表示努力去做成某事,并不能保证成功做成某事。

 

翻译时需要留意合同的使用地点。“尽合理努力”与“尽最大努力”在香港判例中无实质差异,从英美法角度,用“尽最大努力”,则履约方需证明其已经竭尽所能做出努力,否则就违反了最大努力条款;如果使用尽合理努力措辞,就只要证明其尽了合理努力即可。

 

“尽最大努力”要求履约方采取当时可采取的所有合理措施来履行义务。香港法院已经将此表述为“勤勉地、全心全意地”。

 

如:

The common law duties owed by a director are those to act with skill, care and diligence that may reasonably be expected of a person carrying out the same functions as are carried out by that director in relation to the company and, also, to act with the skill, care and diligence in keeping with a standard of care commensurate with any particular skill they have which enables them to meet a higher standard than a director without those skills.

董事承担的普通法责任是,以合理预期的技能、谨慎和勤勉行事,而该董事在履行与公司相关的相同职能时,应以该董事所具备的任何特定技能相称的技能、谨慎和勤勉行事,使其能够达到比不具备该等技能的董事更高的标准。

 

Our directors have honestly, faithfully and diligently performed their duties, and seriously protected the interests of all shareholders.

公司董事能忠实、诚信、勤勉地履行职责,切实维护公司全体股东的利益。

 

此外,“尽力”一词,有如下3种译法:

 

(1) use all reasonable endeavors/efforts to do sth

 

Except as contemplated by this Agreement, from the date hereof through the Closing Date, Mattel shall cause TLC Subsidiary to use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business in the ordinary course in all material respects.

除本协议另有规定外,从本协议日期到成交日,Mattel 公司应促使 TLC 子公司竭尽全力在所有实质方面按照通常程序进行交易。

 

If we are notified by any company in which we hold Securities or other Investments on your behalf, that such company intends to make calls upon those Securities (or other Investments) (as applicable) in respect of any monies whatsoever unpaid on them, we will use reasonable endeavors to notify you as soon as practicable of such calls.

若吾等收到通知,代阁下持有的证券或其他投资的任何相关公司催缴相关证券(或其他投资)(视 情况而定)的未缴价款,吾等会在合理情况下尽快通知阁下。

 

Without prejudice to paragraph (a) of this Article, if the Board of Directors ceases to include at least three Independent Non-Executive Directors, the continuing Director(s) shall continue to manage the business of the Company in all respects pursuant to Article 116 and to exercise all powers, discretions and duties of the Directors under these Articles, provided that the continuing Director(s) shall be required to use all reasonable endeavours to appoint or procure the appointment of at least such number of Independent Non-Executive Directors as shall result in at least three of the Board of Directors consisting of Independent Non-Executive Directors in accordance with Article 101(1).

如果及只要董事人数减至少于根据或依照本章程细则厘定的最少人数,则继续留任 (b)于不影响本项章程细则(a)段的情况下,倘董事不再包括至少三名独立非执行董事,继续留任的董事将继续根据章程细则第 116 项管理本公司各方面业务,并行使所有本章程细则赋予董事的权力、酌情决定权及职责,惟继续留任董事须尽一切合理尝试以委任或促使委任相关最低数目之独立非执行董事,使董事会得以根据章程细则第 101(1)条至少由三人名独立非执行董事组成。

 

(2) make full endeavors to do sth.

Both parties shall make full endeavors to get the ratification within 60 ( sixty) days.

双方应努力在 60 天内获得批准。

 

(3) exert one's/all efforts to do sth.

At its sixty-fourth session, the General Assembly requested the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People to continue to exert all efforts to promote the realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, to support the Middle East peace process and to mobilize international support for and assistance to the Palestinian people, and to report thereon to the Assembly at its sixty-fifth session and thereafter (resolution 64/16).

大会第六十四届会议请巴勒斯坦人民行使不可剥夺权利委员会继续尽全力促进实现巴勒斯坦人民的不可剥夺权利,支持中东和平进程,动员国际社会支持和援助巴勒斯坦人民,并就此向大会第六十五届会议及其后各届会议提出报告 (第 64/16 号决议)。

 

字对字的翻译,可参考如下:

 

最大努力 best efforts

合理努力 reasonable efforts

商业合理努力 commercially reasonable efforts

商业最大努力 commercial best efforts

所有合理努力 all reasonable efforts

所有努力 all effort

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