“Affidavit”是涉及庭审的文件中常出现的一词， 通常指(经陈诉者宣誓在法律上可采作证据的)书面陈述，可译为“宣誓书；宣誓陈述书”。

Affidavit（宣誓书；宣誓陈述书）指当事人自愿作出的对事实的书面陈述，并须在有权主持宣誓的官员面前作出宣誓或代替宣誓的确认〔affirmation〕以保证其内容的真实性。一般情况下，宣誓书的内容限于陈述人能以自己的知识或经历(如亲闻亲见)予以证明者，但有时也可包括以此为根据的其他信息。在司法程序中，法官可以要求对某项具体事实或某一证人提供的证据以宣誓书加以证明。

An affidavit is a written statement of fact which is voluntarily made by an affiant or deponent under an oath or affirmation which is administered by a person who is authorized to do so by law. Such a statement is witnessed as to the authenticity of the affiant's signature by a taker of oaths, such as a notary public or commissioner of oaths. An affidavit is a type of verified statement or showing, or in other words, it contains a verification, which means that it is made under oath or penalty of perjury, and this serves as evidence for its veracity and is required in court proceedings. If an affidavit is notarized or authenticated, it will also include a caption with a venue and title in reference to judicial proceedings. In some cases, an introductory clause, called a preamble, is added attesting that the affiant personally appeared before the authenticating authority.

例句1

Borrowers would have to provide a statement or affidavit showing that they have encountered some sort of hardship that has had an impact on their ability to pay their mortgage.

贷款者可能必须提供声明或宣誓书，表明他们遭遇了某类困难，影响到了他们偿还按揭贷款的能力。

例句2

In his sworn affidavit, Roche outlined a history of actions against him by the church.

在其宣誓陈述书中，Roche罗列了教会反对他的行动经过。

例句3

Dr. Murray acknowledged giving propofol to Mr. Jackson on the morning he died, according to a police affidavit filed in court in connection with the investigation.

据警方向法庭提交的与调查相关的宣誓书，莫瑞承认在杰克逊去世当天早上向他提供了异丙酚。