Bill of pains and penalties 特别处刑法案

1.在英国，通常由上院(有时也可由下院)提出，对某一(类)特定个人不经普通方式审判即处以刑罚的法案，此种法案包括两类：褫夺公民权法案〔bill of attainder〕和特别处罚法案。两类法案的主要区别在于：前者仅适用处以死刑的叛国罪或重罪，而后者则适用于处以死刑以下的叛国罪或重罪及其严重渎职犯罪。不过两类法案中的被处刑者都有权请律师为自己辩护并可请证人作证。一般认为1820年针对女王卡罗琳〔Queen Caroline〕的法案是最后的特别处罚法案。2.在美国，指对罪犯不经司法审判而直接由立法机关处以死刑以下刑罚的一种法案形式。此种法案除处刑较处以死刑的褫夺公民权法案〔bill of attainder〕轻外，其他方面完全相同，两类法案都在美国宪法禁止之列。

BILL OF PAINS AND PENALTIES. A special act of the legislature which inflicts a punishment, less than death, upon persons supposed to be guilty of high offences, Such as; treason and felony, without any conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings. 2 Wood. Law Lect. 625. It differs from a bill of attainder in this, that the punishment inflicted by the latter is death. 2. The Constitution of the United States Provides that “no bill of attainder shall be passed.” It has been judicially said by the supreme court of the United States, that “a bill of attainder may affect the life of an individual, or i-nay confiscate his property, or both.” 6 Cranch, R. 138. in the sense of the constitution, then, it seems that bills of attainder include bills of pains and penalties. Story, Const. Sec. 1338. Vide Attainder; Bills of Attainder. 相关例句如下，可供参考：

例句1

Bill of Pains and Penalties refers to a special act of a legislature which inflicts a punishment less than death upon persons supposed to be guilty of treason or felony, without any conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings.

特别处刑法案指的是立法机关的一项特别法案，该法案对被认为犯有叛国罪或重罪的人处以低于死刑的惩罚，而在普通司法程序中没有任何定罪。

例句2

If an act inflicts a milder degree of punishment than death, it is called a bill of pains and penalties. In such cases, the legislature assumes judicial magistracy, pronouncing upon the guilt of the party without any of the common forms and guards of trial, and satisfying itself with proofs, when such proofs are within its reach, whether they are conformable to the rules of evidence, or not.

如果一个行为的惩罚程度比死亡轻，这就叫做特别处刑法案。在这种情况下，立法机关承担司法裁判官的职责，在没有任何共同形式和审判守卫的情况下宣告当事方有罪，并在其力所能及的范围内证明其是否符合规定的证据规则。