举证责任是指当事人对自己提出的主张有收集或提供证据的义务,并有运用该证据证明主张的案件事实成立或有利于自己的主张的责任,否则将承担其主张不能成立的危险。从法律上看,其具有以下特征: 首先,举证责任总是与一定的法律职责和义务相联系;比如,民事诉讼的原告向法院起诉时其必须承担提出证据证明诉讼事项的义务。其次,举证责任总是与一定的法律风险相联系。也就是说,它既包括行为责任即举出证据证明主张成立的责任,也包括结果责任,即负有证明责任的主体,如果不履行该责任,或在事实真伪不明时就要承担其主张不能成立的风险,比如:原告向法院提起诉讼,但不能提出充足的证据证明事实存在,就可能不被法院受理或被驳回诉讼请求。 该词的英文为“burden of proof ”,为了更好的理解该词,以下是该词的英文释义:Burden of proof is a legal standard that requires parties to demonstrate that a claim is valid or invalid based on facts and evidence. Burden of proof is typically required of one party in a claim, and in many cases the party that is filing a claim is the party that must demonstrate that the claim is valid.
双语例句:
(1)The concept of fitness for purpose is a not technical concept, it is a legal concept: it means that in case the product does not function properly, even if the product is defective, then Party A will be liable no matter what. As a consequence, this warranty shifts the burden of proof onto the supplier. Meaning that if there is a cable breakdown, it is up to Party A to that its products were not defective, which in reality is very difficult as establishing a negative proof is quasi impossible.
目的适用性概念并非技术概念,而是法律概念:目的适用性是指如果产品无法正常运行,即使产品有瑕疵,甲方仍需承担责任。因此,该保证将举证责任转嫁给了供应商。这意味着,如果电缆发生故障,甲方应证明其产品没有瑕疵,而实际上作出该证明是非常困难的,因为举出反证几乎是不可能的。
(2)Other sensible ideas under discussion include capping damages and strengthening the existing public-interest and fair-comment defenses-in effect shifting the burden of proof.
其他正在讨论中的合理主张包括对赔偿额设定上限,以及加强现有的“公共利益”和“公正评论”的抗辩事由—这实际上转移了举证责任。