请问run-off election是什么选举制度?

请问run-off election是什么选举制度?

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Run-off election,也称two-round system,一般译为“两轮选举制”,也叫“两轮投票制”“两轮决选制”,该制度是采用决定性竞选方式,是指选举无法一次选出结果时,采用两轮投票的选举制度。

 

具体可参考Wikipedia给出的英文释义:

 

The two-round system (TRS), also known as runoff voting, second ballot, or ballotage, is a voting method used to elect a single candidate, where voters cast a single vote for their preferred candidate. It generally ensures a majoritarian result, not a simple-plurality result as under first past the post. Under the two-round election system, the election process usually proceeds to a second round only if in the first round no candidate received a simple majority (more than 50%) of votes cast, or some other lower prescribed percentage. Under the two-round system, usually only the two candidates who received the most votes in the first round, or only those candidates who received above a prescribed proportion of the votes, are candidates in the second round. Other candidates are excluded from the second round.

参考译文:

两轮投票制(TRS),也称为决选投票、第二轮投票或选票,是一种用于选举单一候选人的投票方法,选民为他们喜欢的候选人投一票。 它通常确保多数结果,而不是简单多数结果。 在两轮选举制度下,只有在第一轮中没有候选人获得简单多数(超过 50%)选票或其他较低的规定百分比的情况下,选举过程通常才会进入第二轮。 [1] 在两轮制下,通常只有在第一轮中获得最多票数的两名候选人,或者只有获得规定比例以上得票的候选人才能成为第二轮候选人。 其他候选人被排除在第二轮之外。

 

目前,奥地利、巴西、芬兰、法国、波兰、捷克共和国、斯洛伐克、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、蒙古国、乌克兰、俄罗斯等国家的总统选举是采用这种制度。不过,并非所有国家在现行两轮选举设出50%门槛,如阿根廷,总统候选人首轮得票超过45%、或至少40%且领先第二名10%即当选,否则得票前两名仍须进行第二轮投票。在美国,有些地方选举也采用这种形式,如路易斯安那州。另外也可能少数情形下直接当选。

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