涨停(Limit up),是一个证券市场术语。涨跌停板制度源于国外早期证券市场,是证券市场中为了防止交易价格的暴涨暴跌,抑制过度投机现象,对每支证券当天价格的涨跌幅度予以适当限制的一种交易制度,规定了交易价格在一个交易日中的最大波动幅度为前一交易日收盘价上下百分之几。即规定当日交易最高价格和最低价格。
跌停(Limit down),就是证券交易所给股票规定的每天都有一个跌幅的限度,即股票如果跌到最大的限度的-10%(或者-5%),就叫做跌停。
在中国A股市场,均设有涨幅和跌幅的限制,幅度为上一日收盘价的10%。股票上市首日有效申报价格不得高于发行价格的144%,即新股上市首日涨幅限制为44%。股市中的权证没有涨停和跌停限制。在技术分析中,涨停和跌停是一种乐观或悲观的极端情绪反映,往往会使技术指标失真,因此在研判市场波动趋势时,需要给予特别的关注。
为了更好的理解这两个词,以下是他们的英文释义:
Limit up is the maximum amount a price is permitted to increase during one trading day. The term is often used in relation to the commodities futures markets, where regulators seek to prevent volatility from reaching extreme levels.
Limit down, by contrast, refers to the maximum permitted decline in one trading day. Both limit up and limit down prices are examples of circuit breakers—interventions employed by exchanges to help maintain orderly trading conditions.
双语例句:
A limit down is the opposite to a limit up, and it sets the maximum amount that the price of a stock or commodity futures contract will be allowed to decrease in a single trading session. Limit downs seek to prevent panic selling and market crashes. This is because, if more and more traders begin to sell in a panic, the price of the underlying commodity will decrease in line with increased supply and lower demand in the market.
According to revised rules from the SEC from 2012, market-wide circuit breakers are activated at the following levels versus the previous day’s close:
(1) A drop of 7% (Level 1)
(2) A drop of 13% (Level 2)
(3) A drop of 20% (Level 3)
If the market declines, triggering a Level 1 or Level 2 circuit breaker before 3:25pm ET, trading will be halted across the market for 15 minutes. Beyond 3:25pm will not halt trading. If a Level 3 is enacted with a 20% drop, trading will be halted for the rest of the day’s session.
参考译文:
跌停与涨停相反,它设定了单个交易时段允许股票或商品期货合约价格下跌的最大金额。跌停旨在防止恐慌性抛售和市场崩溃。这是因为,如果越来越多的交易者开始恐慌性抛售,基础商品的价格将随着供应增加和市场需求减少而下降。
根据美国证券交易委员会(SEC)从2012年起修订的规则,与前一天的收盘价相比,市场上的下限条款将在以下水平激活:
下降7%(1级)
下降13%(2级)
下降20%(3级)
如果市场下跌,在美国东部时间下午3:25之前触发1级或2级下限条款,则整个市场将暂停交易15分钟。下午3:25以后不会停止交易。若触发了3级(降幅为20%),则将在当天的其余时段停止交易。