Circuit Breaker的中文意思为“熔断机制,也叫自动停盘机制”,是指当股指波幅达到规定的熔断点时,交易所为控制风险采取的暂停交易措施。具体来说是对某一合约在达到涨跌停板之前,设置一个熔断价格,使合约买卖报价在一段时间内只能在这一价格范围内交易的机制。
“熔断机制”有广义和狭义两种概念。广义是指为控制股票、期货或其他金融衍生产品的交易风险,为其单日价格波动幅度规定区间限制,一旦成交价触及区间上下限,交易则自动中断一段时间(“即熔断”),或就此“躺平”而不得超过上限或下限(“熔而不断”)。狭义则专指指数期货的“熔断”。之所以叫“熔断”,是因为这一机制的原理和电路保险丝类似,一旦电流异常,保险丝会自动熔断以免电器受损。而金融交易中的“熔断机制”,其作用同样是避免金融交易产品价格波动过度,给市场一定时间的冷静期,向投资者警示风险,并为有关方面采取相关的风险控制手段和措施赢得时间和机会。
国外交易所中采取的熔断机制一般有两种形式,即“熔即断”与“熔而不断”;前者是指当价格触及熔断点后,随后的一段时间内交易暂停,后者是指当价格触及熔断点后,随后的一段时间内买卖申报在熔断价格区间内继续撮合成交。国际上采用的比较多的是“熔即断”的熔断机制。
为了更好的理解该词,以下是其英文释义:
A circuit breaker is a kind of regulatory measure that is used to temporarily halt trading on an exchange. Circuit breakers are in place to curb panic-selling. They are used both in broad market indexes, such as the S&P 500, as well as for individual securities. They exist in the United States, as well as in other countries around the world.
双语例句:
(1)Circuit breakers function automatically by stopping trading when prices hit predefined levels. For example, for the S&P 500, a circuit breaker may be triggered after a 7%, 13%, and 20% intraday move.
当价格达到预定水平时,熔断机制会通过停止交易来自动运行。例如,对于S&P 500,在盘中波动7%,13%和20%之后可能触发熔断机制。
(2)Some analysts believe that circuit breakers are disruptive and keep the market artificially volatile because they cause orders to build at the limit level and decrease liquidity. Critics of circuit breakers argue that if the market were allowed to move freely, without any halts, they would settle into a more consistent equilibrium.
一些分析人士认为,熔断机制具有破坏性,会人为地保持市场波动,因为它们会导致订单建立在极限水平并降低流动性。熔断机制的批评者认为,如果允许市场自由波动,没有任何停顿,它们就会陷入更加一致的平衡。
A recent example of circuit breaker activity occurred on March 9, 2020, and again on March 12, 2020. On both of these days, circuit breakers were triggered at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). In one instance, the DJIA fell more than 7% at the open, likely in response to the severity of the growing global coronavirus pandemic.
熔断机制活动的最新示例发生在2020年3月9日和2020年3月12日。在这两天中,熔断机制在纽约证券交易所(NYSE)触发。在一种情况下,道琼斯工业平均指数在开盘时下跌超过7%,这可能是由于全球新冠病毒日益严重所致。