“Pendent jurisdiction”是什么意思?

“Pendent jurisdiction”是什么意思?

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指法院对某一诉讼请求本无管辖权,但因与该诉讼请求源于同一事件或事由的另一诉讼请求正在法院审理期间,因而法院可取得对前一诉讼请求的管辖权。例如,原告向联邦法院起诉称被告在一交易行为中既违反了联邦法律也违反了州法律,则联邦法院对依联邦法律提出的请求有管辖权,同时也可取得对依州法提出的请求的管辖权。现在法律中未决事项管辖权被作为补充管辖权〔supplemental jurisdiction〕予以规定。


其英文释义如下,供参考:

Pendent jurisdiction is the authority of a United States federal court to hear a closely related state law claim against a party already facing a federal claim, described by the Supreme Court as "jurisdiction over nonfederal claims between parties litigating other matters properly before the court." Such jurisdiction is granted to encourage both "economy in litigation", and fairness by eliminating the need for a separate federal and state trial hearing essentially the same facts yet potentially reaching opposite conclusions.


其法律依据来源于美国的未决事项管辖权原则。根据该原则,允许向联邦法院提起一项基于州法的诉讼请求,如该诉讼请求与另一项联邦法院享有初审管辖权的诉讼请求有密切关联。这两项诉讼请求,是否由于其间存在的联系而应当合并审理,由联邦法院裁决。该原则存在的意义在于它既可以获得司法的经济性〔judicial economy〕,也可以解除当事人两次「分离诉讼」之累。不过,该原则不是绝对的,美国最高法院认为根据《联邦仲裁法》〔Federal Arbitration Act〕的规定,某些请求只能仲裁,法院无权予以审理。


以下为相关双语示例:

Pendent jurisdiction promotes judicial efficiency because all of a party's claims can be decided in one trial by the federal court.

未决事项管辖权可以提高司法效率,因为一方所有的诉求都可以通过在联邦法院的同一次审判中得到判决。

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