强制履行。对于合约违约一方对另外一方的一种补偿方法。若遵守一方已履行合约所要求的,他可以要求法庭颁一个强制履行令,强制违约一方要根据合约的条款进行。若在楼宇买卖的交易上,强制履行便要双方履行必买必卖的条款。
specific performance指“特定履行”,衡平法上对违反合同的一种救济,指强制被告实际履行其合同义务,也即令其完全按原合同中他所承担从事之事来履行清偿。这是一种特殊的、非常性质的救济,法院有自由裁量之权,但也按先例所定之原则行使。这是一种对人诉讼,如果被告不在管辖区内,则特定履行令就不能发出。
特定履行只适用于依普通法赔偿损失的方法对其损失不能充分补偿的合同,该合同应该是肯定的合同,对其赔偿损失尚非足够补偿;该合同应是一个待履行的合同,而不是已履行完的合同;而且该合同必须在各个实质性的方面具体确定,必须不是非法或不平等、不公平、不合理的合同。如果合同涉及连续的行为而需法院加以监督时,法院就不强制合同之履行;
此外,对个人之承揽与服务、不能交互执行之合同、纯从属于一份不能执行之主合同的合同、给付金钱之合同,或者特定履行令将是无意义的,或者金钱赔偿之偿付将是合适的等情况,法院也都不会执行特定履行。在某种场合,原告可能在某些完全按约履行属于非物质的不能时,以特定履行获得赔偿。在法院能命令特定履行时,法院可以判令损失赔偿以替代特定履行,或在特定履行之外另加损失赔偿。
为了更好的理解该词,以下是其英文释义:Specific performance is an equitable remedy in the law of contract, whereby a court issues an order requiring a party to perform a specific act, such as to complete performance of the contract. It is typically available in the sale of land law, but otherwise is not generally available if damages are an appropriate alternative. Specific performance is almost never available for contracts of personal service, although performance may also be ensured through the threat of proceedings for contempt of court.
双语例句:
If Completion does not take place as a result of the sole default of Star International, the Vendor may forthwith determinate the Agreement by giving notice of termination in writing to Star International to such effect, in which event the Vendor shall forthwith be entitled to forfeit HK$xxx, being part of the Deposit, and shall forthwith refund, in additional to the remaining amount of Deposit of HK$xxx, and the Further Deposit to Star International and neither party shall have any obligations and liabilities thereunder and neither party shall take any action to claim for damages or to enforce specific performance or any other rights and remedies save for any antecedent breaches of the terms thereof.
倘完成因星力国际单方面违约而未能落实,则卖方可通过向星力国际发出书面终止通知立即终止协议,在此情况下,卖方可立即没收星力国际已支付的部份按金 xxx港元,并立即向星力国际退还有关按金的余下数额 xxx 港元及第二笔按金,而订约方均毋须就此承担任何义务及责任,且订约方均不得就申索损害赔偿或执行强制特定履行令或任何其他权利及补救措施而采取任何行动,惟任何先前违反有关条款者则除外。