preponderance of evidence意为“优势证据”,其属于一种证据规则。优势证据规则又被称为“高度盖然性占优势的证明规则”。即当证据显示待证事实存在的可能性明显大于不存在的可能性,法官可据此进行合理判断以排除疑问,在已达到能确信其存在的程度时,即使还不能完全排除存在相反的可能性,但也可以根据已有证据认定这一待证事实存在的结论。其是对双方所举证据的证明力进行判断时所确立的规则,属于采信规则。即当证明某一事实存在或不存在的证据的份量与证明力比反对的证据更具有说服力,或者比反对的证据可靠性更高,由法官采用具有优势的一方当事人所列举的证据认定案件事实。
优势证据在我国的确立:最高人民法院在<关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定>(以下简称证据规定)第73条规定:双方当事人对同一事实分别举出相反证据,但都没有足够的依据否定对方证据的,人民法院应当结合案件情况,判断一方提供的证据的证明力是否明显大于另一方提供证据的证明力。并对证明力较大的证据据予以确认。据此解释,民事诉讼中的证明标准可以被界定为“明显优势”。法院根据“明显优势”来判断双方当事人对同一事实提出的相互矛盾的证据,这一裁判准则即为“优势证据规则”。
为了更好的理解该词,以下是其英文释义:Preponderance of evidence is one type of evidentiary standard used in a burden of proof analysis. Under the preponderance standard, the burden of proof is met when the party with the burden convinces the fact finder that there is a greater than 50% chance that the claim is true. This is the burden of proof in a civil trial.
双语例句:
(1)Generally, where civil responsibility was concerned, the concept of the preponderance of evidence was used, whereas for criminal responsibility, it was that of “beyond a reasonable doubt”, requiring a higher level of proof.
一般而言,在涉及公民责任的情况下,采用优势证据的概念;而对于刑事责任,则采用 “排除合理怀疑”的证据概念,需要更高水平的举证。
(2)Moreover, where there is no preponderance of evidence one way or another, the same Judgement of the Dispute Tribunal held that the “more appropriate rule is that the impugned administrative decision should be regarded as unjustified”.
此外,在任何一方都没有优势证据的情况下,争议法庭的同一判决认为,“更适当的规则是,被质疑的行政决定应被视为不合理。
(3)While opinion in America regularly swings from waiting for a rate cut to bolster the cooling economy to positoning for an anti-inflationary increase, the preponderance of evidence emanating from the Federal Reserve is that the U.S. target will remain unchanged for months to come.
尽管美国的观点经常从等待降息来提振正在降温的经济,转变为为反通胀增长做好准备,但来自美联储的优势证据是,美国的目标将在未来几个月保持不变。