思维方式差异的存在导致了中英文中除了存在stocks股票、fund基金、securities证券等一一对应的词之外,还有很多无法用一一对应的词,特别是当某一词中有含动词性的成分时。这里的“代销”和“包销”即是如此。
代销和包销全称分别为代理承销和独家/全部承销。
这里的“承销”是有其对应的英文词的,即“underwriting”:承销是证券发行人委托具有证券销售资格的金融机构,按照协议由金融机构向投资者募集资金并交付证券的行为和制度,是证券经营机构基本职能之一。Underwriting is one of the most important functions in the financial world wherein an individual or an institution undertakes the risk associated with a venture, an investment, or a loan in lieu of a premium. Underwriters are found in banking, insurance, and stock markets.
“代销”,代理承销,尽最大努力(推销)。这里可以借用英美法中关于证券发行的“best effort basis”(尽最大努力原则)进行翻译。尽最大努力原则指在发行证券时,投资银行或承销团承诺,作为发行方的代理,最大努力销售证券,但并不承诺全部售出。因此,“证券代销”可用Best efforts underwriting of securities 来表示。
如:
证券代销是指证券公司代发行人发售证券,在承销期结束时,将未售出的证券全部退还给发行人的承销方式。
Best efforts underwriting of securities refers to a manner of underwriting in which a securities company sells securities on behalf of the issuer and returns all unsold securities to the issuer at the end of the underwriting period.
至于“包销”,按这个思路的话,则可以相应地译为“firm commitment underwriting”,即坚定承诺,努力完成全部承销的义务。如:
证券包销是指证券公司将发行人的证券按照协议全部购入或者在承销期结束时将售后剩余证券全部自行购入的承销方式。
Firm commitment underwriting of securities refers to a manner of underwriting in which a securities company purchases all the securities offered by the issuer under an agreement or purchases all the remaining unsold securities itself at the end of the underwriting period.