无害通过 innocent passage

指一国的船舶只要不损害沿海国的和平、良好秩序或安全，就可以驶入或穿过沿海国领海的权利。商船的无害通过权已得到公认，但应服从当地有关航行、污染、卫生等方面的规定。在行使无害通过权时如违反沿海国的法律，该船舶可被当地政府扣留。军舰在无害通过他国领海时还享有管辖豁免权。

Innocent passage is a concept in the law of the sea that allows for a vessel to pass through the archipelagic and territorial waters of another state, subject to certain restrictions. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Article 19 defines innocent passage as: 1. Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. Such passage shall take place in conformity with this Convention and with other rules of international law. 2. Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State if in the territorial sea it engages in any of the following activities: (a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of the coastal State, or in any other manner in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations; (b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind; (c) any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defence or security of the coastal State; (d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defence or security of the coastal State; (e) the launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft; (f) the launching, landing or taking on board of any military device; (g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State; (h) any act of wilful and serious pollution contrary to this Convention; (I) any fishing activities; (j) the carrying out of research or survey activities; (k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems of communication or any other facilities or installations of the coastal State; (l) any other activity not having a direct bearing on passage. 相关例句如下，供参考：

例句1

Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms defines innocent passage as the right of all ships to engage in continuous and expeditious surface passage through the territorial sea and archipelagic waters of foreign coastal states in a manner not prejudicial to its peace, good order, or security.

《国防部军事及相关术语词典》将无害通过定义为所有船只以不损害其和平、良好秩序或安全的方式在外国沿海国家的领海和群岛水域进行连续和快速的水面通过的权利。

例句2

In the absence of agreements to the contrary, foreign vessels have no right of passage within internal waters, and this lack of right to innocent passage is the key difference between internal waters and territorial waters.

在没有相反协议的情况下，外国船只在内水没有通行权，这种无害通过权的缺乏是内水和领水的关键区别。

例句3

Innocent passage does not equal to transit passage. The most significant difference between transit passage and innocent passage is that in transit passage submarines are allowed to navigate through the strait below the surface; the right of transit passage concerns also air transport.

无害通过不等于过境通行。过境通行和无害通过最显著的区别是，在过境通行中，潜艇可以在水面以下的海峡中航行；过境通行权也涉及空运。

例句4

Innocent passage is a term of international law referring to a ship or aircraft’s right to enter and pass through another’s territory so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the other state.

无害通过是国际法的一个术语，指的是船只或飞机进入和通过另一国领土的权利，只要它不损害另一国的和平、良好秩序或安全。