除依法应当提交审判委员会讨论决定的案件外,根据“让审理者裁判,由裁判者负责”的原则,一律由合议庭或者独任法官作出裁决,并对办案质量终身负责。
的确,在“让审理者裁判,由裁判者负责”这一句话中,按常识理解,“审理者”一般为法官,而“裁判者”亦为法官,但若按此理解,将两者均译为“judge”,则在英文中无法体现其差别,相应地也就无法传达作者想要表达的想法。在这种情况下,我们就不能只看字面意思,而是可以对这一句话进行搜索,查询其提出的背景,以便更准确地翻译。
经查询:
“让审理者裁判,由裁判者负责”是国家在《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中提出的,原文是:改革审判委员会制度,完善主审法官、合议庭办案责任制,让审理者裁判、由裁判者负责。最高人民法院发布的英文版本中,对这一句的翻译如下:
We will reform the judicial committee system, improve the responsibility system of handling cases by the presiding judge and the collegiate bench, by which the judges hand down verdicts and the collegiate bench is responsible for carrying them out.
结合上文,可以发现这里的“审理者”与“裁判者”其实是与“主审法官、合议庭”相衔接的,因此可以将“审理者”与“裁判者”分别译为“judge”及“collegiate bench”,以更好地传达原文意思。
因此,整句话可以译为:
Except for cases which should be submitted to the judicial committee for discussion and decision according to law, all cases shall follow the principle of “letting the judges hand down verdicts and the collegiate bench be responsible for carrying them out”, and be decided by the collegiate bench or the sole judge who shall take life-long responsibilities for the quality of case.