在我国当前,狭义的职务犯罪,即国家工作人员职务犯罪。是指国家工作人员利用职务上的便利,进行非法活动,或者滥用职权,或者对工作严重不负责任,不履行或不正确履行职责,破坏国家对职务行为的管理活动,致使国家和人民利益遭受重大损失,依照刑法应受到刑罚处罚的犯罪行为的总称。
关于“职务犯罪”,在网上是可以查到很多译法的,比如说duty-related crimes, job-related crime, official crime, duty crime, crime by taking advantage of duty。前两个意思不够明确,第三个指官方的犯罪,第二个搭配不存在,最后一个语法不通。因此,可以翻译为crimes committed in violation of public duties。联合国毒品与犯罪办公室(UNODC)提供的一份文件中有类似的说法:
Crimes committed in violation of the duties attached to a public office or a public service, such as disclosure of state secrets (Article 234 PC) and disclosure of official secrets (Article 253)...
此外,除了crimes committed in violation of public duties之外,职务犯罪也可以翻译为crimes committed by public officers/officials。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)提供的《菲律宾刑法》(经修订)第七章(Revised Penal Code Title VII)题目就叫Crimes Committed by Public Officers。
且鉴于在当前语境下,职务犯罪主要是贪污腐败犯罪,日常交流中可以直接说corruption(-related) crimes/offenses。若为职务犯罪案件,则可直接翻译为corruption cases。
以下为相关双语示例,供参考:
(b) 作为紧急事项,采取有力措施,取消赦 免 职务犯罪 的 法 令,因该法在 实际工作中导致安全部门、情报部门和警方人员酷刑行为有罪不罚的现象。
(b) As a matter of urgency, take vigorous steps to revoke the decrees affording immunity for crimes committed in violation of public duties which result, in practice, in impunity for acts of torture committed by members of security services, intelligence agencies and police.