Reckless driving与careless driving具有类似含义吗?

Reckless driving与careless driving具有类似含义吗?

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二者都属于交通违章,其中,reckless driving通常被译为“鲁莽驾驶”,careless driving可译为“不小心驾驶”或“疏忽驾驶”。单从中文字面上看,可能会误认为“鲁莽”与“不小心”性质类似,但实际上有本质区别。


根据《元照英美法词典》的解释可知,“reckless”指已经认识到并且自觉漠视可能发生的实质性危险,轻率行为不仅仅是纯粹的疏忽(careless),它严重偏离了理性人的行为标准。


由于美国各州的法律规定不同,此处仅以佛罗里达州为例说明对“reckless driving”和“careless driving”的定义。“鲁莽驾驶”指驾驶机动车辆时故意忽视或漠视他人人身和/或财产安全,驾驶人的主观意图需考虑在内;“不小心驾驶”指未能小心谨慎驾驶机动车辆,无需考虑驾驶人的精神状态。


从上述描述可看出,二者的严重程度不同。Reckless driving属于刑事犯罪,除了扣分和交罚款以外,还可能会被判监禁,计入犯罪记录;careless driving属于民事违法行为,需扣分和交罚款。


例句1:

原文:For many serious traffic accidents involving casualties in the past, the drivers were not convicted of the more serious offences of reckless driving or reckless driving causing death. Instead, they were only found guilty of the lesser offence of careless driving.

译文:在过去多宗涉及人命伤亡的严重交通意外中,控方都不能以鲁莽驾驶或鲁莽驾驶引致他人死亡等较严重罪行,将肇事司机入罪,而他们都只是被裁定犯了较轻微的不小心驾驶罪行。


例句2:

原文:New clause 4 is a transitional provision which seeks to remove any possible risk of challenge that any offence of causing death by reckless driving or reckless driving committed before the commencement of the Bill, or any criminal proceedings for such offences instituted before the commencement of the Bill, shall not continue to be charged, punished or instituted after 1 July 2000.

译文:新订的第4条属于过渡条文,旨在避免有人或会质疑当局对任何人在条例草案生效之前所犯的鲁驾驶引致他人死亡,或是鲁驾驶的罪行,或是在条例草案生效之前就该等罪行所展开的刑事程序,均不得在 2000年 7月1日后继续提出检控、施加惩罚或展开有关程序。


例句3:

原文:In addition, the Bill also proposes that besides the offence of "careless driving", certain existing driving offences should also be listed as alternatives to "dangerous driving causing death" and "dangerous driving" so that the court can have the discretion to convict the law-breaker for an appropriate alternative offence.

译文:此外,建议中亦包括将“不小心驾驶”及某些现有的行车违例事项,一并列为可用以代替“危险驾驶引致他人死亡”和“危险驾驶”的转控罪行,使法院可酌情转控以其他适当的罪行,将违例者定罪。


例句4:

The Bill provides that a person who commits offences connected with drunken driving is liable on summary conviction to six months' imprisonment, same as for careless driving offences, compared with 12 months' imprisonment for reckless driving.

条例草案规定,触犯醉酒驾驶罪的人,经简易程序定罪后,可被判入狱6个月,与不小心驾驶罪的刑罚相同,而鲁莽驾驶的刑罚则是入狱12个月。

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