定期盘存制又称“实地盘存制”,也叫“以存计销制”或“依存计耗制”。它是指平时只在账薄记录中登记各项实物财产的增加数,不登记减少数,期末通过实物盘点来确定其实有数并据以倒算出本期实物财产减少数的一种盘存方法。
其计算公式如下:本期减少数=期初结存数+本期增加数-期末实有数。
优点:实地盘存制可以简化日常工作。
缺点:不能随时反映库存财产物资的发出结存情况,也不利于加强财产物资的管理。
例如:一般来说有些企业的领料平时是无法准确计量数量的,你比如酒店厨房领用的调料,矿山企业耗用的精料,炼焦企业好用的精煤等等,但是如果期末计量库存数量是相对来说是简单,所以使用实地盘存制,倒逼本期的使用量是合理的。
定期盘存制一般译为“periodic inventory system”,其英文释义如下:
The periodic inventory system is often used by smaller businesses that have easy-to-manage inventory and may not have a lot of money or the opportunity to implement computerized systems into their workflow. As such, they use occasional physical counts to measure their inventory and the cost of goods sold (COGS).
永续盘存制又称“账面盘存制”。它是指平时对各项实物财产的增减变动都必须根据会计凭证逐日逐笔地在有关账薄中登记,并随时结算出其账面结存数量的一种盘存方法。采用这种盘存方法,需按实物财产的项目设置数量金额式明细账并详细记录,以便及时地反映各项实物财产的收入、发出和结存的情况。
优点:是有利于加强对实物财产的管理。
缺点:日常的工作量较大。
永续盘存制一般译为“perpetual inventory system”,其英文释义如下:
The perpetual inventory system keeps track of inventory balances continuously. This is done through computerized systems using point-of-sale (POS) and enterprise asset management technology that record inventory purchases and sales. It is far more sophisticated than the periodic system of inventory management.
以下为相关双语示例,供参考:
In the perpetual inventory system, the business keeps a continuous record for each inventory item.
在定期盘存制中,企业并不保持存货的连续记录。
Acquisition of Materials: Materials inventory account rather than purchases account will be debited under a perpetual inventory system.
材料的取得:在永续盘存制下,将借记材料盘存账户而非购料账户。原料和工厂用物料都包括在盘存账户中。
Under the perpetual inventory system, the Merchandise Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold accounts will always show the balance of merchandise on hand and the total cost of goods sold for the period.
在永续存盘制度下,商品存货和销售货物的成本帐户通常显示存货和一段时间内销售货物的总成本的平衡。