“不安抗辩权”和“先履行抗辩权”分别指的是什么?英文怎么说?

“不安抗辩权”和“先履行抗辩权”分别指的是什么?英文怎么说?

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不安抗辩权


不安抗辩权指应当先履行债务的当事人有确切证据证明对方丧失或者可能丧失履行债务能力的,有权中止履行合同义务(《民法典》第527条)。当事人中止履行的,应当及时通知对方。对方提供适当担保的,应当恢复履行。中止履行后,对方在合理期限内未恢复履行能力且未提供适当担保的,视为以自己的行为表明不履行主要债务,中止履行的一方可以解除合同并可以请求对方承担违约责任。


不安抗辩权的英文可用“unsafe right of defense”来表示。


《民法典》中与不安抗辩权有关的双语规定如下:


第五百二十七条 应当先履行债务的当事人,有确切证据证明对方有下列情形之一的,可以中止履行:

Article 527 of the Civil Code of China provides that for a party to contract: A party obligated to perform the obligation first may suspend his performance if there is definite evidence proving that the other party falls under any of the following situations:


(一)经营状况严重恶化;

(1) its operating conditions are seriously deteriorated;


(二)转移财产、抽逃资金,以逃避债务;

(2) it transfers property or withdraws capital to evade debts;


(三)丧失商业信誉;

(3) the good will of its business has been lost; or


(四)有丧失或者可能丧失履行债务能力的其他情形。

(4) there’s another circumstance under which it has lost or is losing its ability to perform the obligation.


当事人没有确切证据中止履行的,应当承担违约责任。

A party that suspends the performance with no such definite evidence shall bear default liability. 


先履行抗辩权


先履行抗辩权指合同双方当事人互负债务并有先后履行顺序的,后履行一方在对方履行之前或不适当履行时拒绝对方向自己提出的履行要求的权利。先履行抗辩权是后履行方的权利,也有学者称为后履行抗辩权。


先履行抗辩权的英文可用“first fulfil the right of defense”来表述。


中华人民共和国民法典第五百二十六条规定,当事人互负债务,有先后履行顺序,应当先履行债务一方未履行的,后履行一方有权拒绝其履行请求。先履行一方履行债务不符合约定的,后履行一方有权拒绝其相应的履行请求。


以下为相关双语示例,供参考:

我国《合同法》中的抗辩权体系中应增加规定先履行抗辩权和保证人的抗辩权。

The defense system in the Contract Law should enhance the regulation about the unsafe right of defense and the defense right of the guarantee.


而不安抗辩权则是大陆法系国家中一项特有的制度,它通常由有先履行义务的一方行使,先履行方可以中止履行债务。

The unsafe right of defense is a unique system in civil law countries, which is usually exerted by the first to fulfill the obligations, while the first can stop carrying out debts.

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