job-order costing指的是分批(订单)成本计算法,又称分批法。
分批法是按照产品批别归集生产费用、计算产品成本的一种方法。在小批单件生产的企业中,企业的生产活动基本是根据定货单位的订单签发工作号来组织生产的,按产品批别计算产品成本,往往与按定单计算产品成本相一致,因而分批法也叫订单法。
其英文释义如下:
Job order costing is a costing method which is used to determine the cost of manufacturing each product. This costing method is usually adopted when the manufacturer produces a variety of products which are different from one another and needs to calculate the cost for doing an individual job.
它适用于单件、小批生产类型的企业,主要包括:
1.单件、小批生产的重型机械、船舶、精密工具、仪器等制造企业。
2.不断更新产品种类的时装等制造企业。
3.新产品的试制、机器设备的修理作业以及辅助生产的工具、器具、模具的制造等,亦可采用分批法计算成本。
采用分批法计算产品成本的企业,虽然各批产品的成本计算单仍按月归集生产费用,但是只有在该批产品全部完工时才能计算其实际成本。由于各批产品的生产复杂程度不同、质量数量要求也不同,生产周期就各不相同。有的批次当月投产,当月完工;有的批次要经过数月甚至数年才能完工。可见完工产品的成本计算因各批次的生产周期而异,是不定期的。所以,分批法的成本计算期与产品的生产周期一致,与会计报告期不一致。
job order production指的是分批生产。具体而言,指根据分批工作通知单或订单安排的一次性生产。例如,在工业企业中,服装、机械制造和建筑等行业均属分批生产;在非工业企业中,电影业和出版业亦属于分批生产,分批生产与连续生产(continuous production)的词义相对照。
其英文释义如下:
Job order production is the process of manufacturing custom or unique products for specific customers. Sometimes job order production is also called job order manufacturing or custom production because each order or job is a customize order placed by the customer. Most of the time custom jobs are only produced once.
以下为相关双语示例,供参考:
In a job order costing system, product costs are accumulated by individual jobs and are summarized on job order cost sheets.
分批法单独核算某一批次的成本并将成本信息汇总在批次成本计算表上。
If a manufacturing firm USES a job order costing system, the accountant could make out the COST to a job as soon as the goods are finished.
如果企业的成本会计系统使用分批法,批次产品的成本可以在其完工时便可获得。