"Windfall Tax"是指对企业或个人由于某些意外或非预期事件而获得的额外利润征收的税收。这种税收的目的通常是确保公司或个人分享他们意外获得的巨大收益,或是纠正某些市场失衡。例如,如果某一资源的价格突然大幅上涨,从而使某些企业获得了巨大的超额利润,政府可能会考虑征收意外之财税,以确保公共利益。
这种税种的引入通常在社会或政府认为某些企业或行业的利润超出了正常或公平的范围时出现。例如,当能源价格急剧上涨时,产油国可能会对石油公司征收意外之财税,以确保社会能够分享这些公司的巨大利润。
在英文中,A windfall tax is a tax levied by governments against certain industries when economic conditions allow those industries to experience significantly above-average profits. Windfall taxes are primarily levied on companies in the targeted industry that have benefited the most from the economic windfall, most often commodity-based businesses.
中文里可译为“意外之财税”,如:
Governments eye the mining prize: Governments around the world are exercising several forms of resource nationalism, from mining making it harder for mining companies to accurately forecast production schedules, understand long-term risk profiles or develop models to guide decision making over time.
政府对于矿业价值的看法:全球各国政府当前盛行多种形式的资源民族主义,表现在矿业私有化和征用,以 及 暴利 税、 资源 税 和出 口管 控等诸多方面,导致矿业公司更加难以准确预测生产计划、了解长期风险概况或随着时间的推进开发用以指引决策 的模型。