背景知识产权”(background intellectual property rights),通常指在技术开发合同生效日之前由合同一方产生或持有的,或者一方在技术开发合同有效期内产生或持有但是超出合同范围或与合同无关的知识产权,包括专利、著作权、未公开的技术报告和数据等,有时也被称为背景成果、背景发明或背景专利。其英文释义如下:
Background Intellectual Property is a product’s IPR that is needed to produce the result of a contract (e.g. another product or a service), but which is not created under this contract (instead, it has been created prior to or during execution of the contract).
Background Intellectual Property means all Intellectual Property introduced and required by either Party to give effect to their obligations under this Agreement owned in whole or in part by or licensed to either Party or their affiliates prior to the Commencement Date or developed after the Commencement Date otherwise pursuant to this Agreement;
现有法律对技术开发合同中“背景知识产权”并无规定,这就意味着合同当事人可以自行约定“背景知识产权”条款。目前针对“背景知识产权”约定有两种常见的形式。第一种形式,约定“背景知识产权”的使用待由技术许可合同另行约定。比如,在技术开发合同中约定“合同生效前,双方已有的技术成果归原持有方。如果一方需要使用对方已有技术成果,双方另行签署技术许可合同。”第二种形式,在技术开发合同中约定,受托方或合作方的“背景知识产权”,委托方或其他合作方可以直接使用,甚至是免费使用,而不需再单独签订技术许可合同。比如,在技术合同中约定“合同履行期间,合同一方的背景知识产权,免费许可给另一方使用。”
对比上述两种对“背景知识产权”使用的约定形式,可以发现,第一种形式相对更为公允,对于技术优势方,如委托开发合同的受托方来说也更为有利,第二种形式的约定则相反。在第二种形式的约定中,特别是关于免费使用的约定,技术优势方等于放弃了向对方收取“背景知识产权”实施许可费的权利,也放弃了藉此进行其他谈判的优势地位。
以下为相关例句,可供参考:
Most student research projects stem from ideas given by the manager. Such ideas are a type of background IP where the University may claim ownership in case a patentable invention is formed. Other examples of established or background IPs may include data bases or computer algorithms.
大多数学生研究项目都源于经理给出的想法。这种想法是一种背景知识产权,在形成可专利发明的情况下,大学可以要求所有权。已建立的或背景知识产权的其他例子可以包括数据库或计算机算法。
There are also cases where background IP may be owned via the Crown, for instance, which is a government department. Background IP is also given by a student’s employer. In such a situation, the student should not start the project until he or she has entered into a solid agreement with the employer about the ownership of the research outcome.
也有背景知识产权可能由政府所有的情况,例如,政府部门。背景知识产权也是学生的用人单位给的。在这种情况下,学生不应该开始这个项目,直到他或她与雇主就研究成果的所有权达成可靠的协议。