Declaratory judgment 是什么意思?

Declaratory judgment 是什么意思?

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确认判决;宣告式判决。指法院仅确认当事人之间的权利及其他法律关系而未规定可予强制执行等救济措施的判决。不论当事人在此之后是否会据之请求给予救济,法院都可以作出此种判决。通常在当事人对自己的权利或其他事项存在疑问时,可以请求法院就此作出确认判决,如保险公司请求法院确认某种风险是否属于其保险单中规定的承保范围。其英文释义如下:A declaratory judgment is a court-issued judgment that defines and outlines the rights and obligations of each party in a contract. Declaratory judgments have the same effect and force as final judgments and are legally binding. These judgments are also called a declaration or declaratory relief. (From Investopedia)


【知识拓展】

美国于1934年制定了《Declaratory Judgment Act》(《确认判决法》)。该法规定:在存在实际争议(actual controversy)的案件中,若双方当事人请求确认各自权利或其他法律关系,法院有权作出相应判决,而不论当事人是否会请求给予进一步的救济措施。法院所作此种判决具有终局判决(final judgment)的效力,可请求复审(review),且对诉讼双方当事人现在和将来的权利均有约束力。


以下为相关示例:

Their enactment would simply invite unnecessary and disruptive litigation for declaratory judgment for their removal on constitutional ground.

制定有关条文只会招致不必要并会造成混乱的诉讼,以致法庭会作出宣告式裁决,裁定基于政制理由删除有关条文。


As to administrative situation, the main purpose of declaratory judgment is to provide a precondition for compensation and remedy psychology injury of the private party as adequate as possible.

行政确认违法判决,主要目的是为相对人的损害赔偿提供前提条件,并尽可能地恢复与弥补相对人的心理伤害。

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