加速折旧法,是对固定资产进行折旧计算的一种方法,指在固定资产使用前期提取折旧较多,后期提取较少,使固定资产价值在使用年限内尽早得到补偿。这种计提折旧的方法是国家先让利给企业,加速回收投资,增强还贷能力。因此,只对某些确有特殊原因的企业才准许采用加速折旧法。其对应英文为“Accelerated depreciation method”。英文释义如下:Accelerated depreciation is any method of depreciation used for accounting or income tax purposes that allows greater deprecation expenses in the early years of the life of an asset. Accelerated depreciation methods, such as double-declining balance (DDB), means there will be higher depreciation expenses in the first few years and lower expenses as the asset ages. (from Investopedia)
加速折旧方法主要有双倍余额递减法double-declining balance和年数总和法sum of the years’ digits。
双倍余额递减法:
年折旧率=2÷折旧年限×100%,月折旧率=年折旧率÷12,月折旧额=固定资产账面净值×月折旧率。
年数总和法:
年数总和法每年的折旧率不同,每年的折旧率用公式表示为:年折旧率=〔折旧年限-已使用年数〕÷〔折旧年限×(折旧年限+1)÷2〕,月折旧率=年折旧率÷12。
以下为相关双语示例:
在加速折旧法下,早期记录的较大费用与这些期内的较高收益相配比。
The greater expense recorded under the accelerated appreciation methods in the earlier periods is matched against those periods' greater revenue.
加速折旧法比直线折旧法加大了折旧费的计提,因而减小了报告净收益。
Accelerated depreciation methods result in higher charges to depreciation expense and, therefore, lower reported net income than straight-line depreciation.