“FPA”全称Free of Particular Average,指的是平安险,也可称为单独海损不赔。
Average在这里并不是我们熟知的平均的意思,而是指的海损:保险船或货在航程中遭受部分灭失或损害时,对该损失的分担。有共同海损和单独海损之分。
平安险是海上保险的基本险别之一,与水渍险和一切险相比,保险人的责任范围最小。其英文意思「单独海损不赔」并非指对于所有的单独海损均不予赔偿,而是仅指对因自然灾害所造成的单独海损不赔,对于因意外事故造成的单独海损仍应赔偿。此外,如果在运输过程中运输工具曾发生过搁浅、触礁、沉没等意外事故,则不论在事故发生之前或之后由于自然灾害所造成的单独海损,保险人均负有赔偿责任。其英文释义如下:Free of Particular Average (FPA) is an insurance contract clause that eliminates an insurer’s liability for partial losses. FPA clauses are most commonly found in marine insurance policies.
美国和英国的这一条款存在着一些细微的差别:
In American FPA provisions, the insurer’s liability for partial cargo loss is eliminated unless stranding, sinking, fire, or collision caused the loss.
In English FPA provisions, the insurer’s liability for partial cargo loss is eliminated except in the case that a stranding, sinking, fire, or collision event occurred.
其区别之处在于美国的这一条款规定投保人需证明其所遭受的部分损失是因船搁浅、沉没、着火或碰撞导致的,而英国的这一条款仅规定只要能证明船搁浅、沉没、着火或碰撞这些事故确实有发生即可。
以下为相关双语示例:
How cargo losses are covered depends on how the policy addresses coverage of the “average,” with broader coverage carrying a higher premium. Free of Particular Average (FPA) clauses in maritime insurance policies specifically address cargo coverage.
货物损失的包含范围取决于保单上的海损覆盖范围,一般来说,范围越大的保费越高。海上保险单中的平安险主要针对的是货物。