circuit court为“巡回法院”,是联邦法院的中级法院。美国目前有13个上诉法院。其中有11个是以数字命名的:1-11巡回法院。此外还有DC巡,接纳来自DC的上诉。联邦巡,接纳关于知识产权等联邦议题的上诉。
巡回法院的管辖权通常是根据地理位置确定的,比如第九巡回法庭就是接纳来自加州、内华达州等地的上诉案件。只有一个巡回法庭例外就是联邦巡回法庭(United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit),这个法庭受理的案件是根据诉讼内容确定的,所有关于知识产权等联邦议题的案件上诉到这个法庭。这个巡回法庭也经常被混淆,因为我们也经常叫他联邦巡回法庭,但这个很容易就跟巡回庭的总称相混淆。总之大家要注意就好了。不过一般来说当说到巡回法庭或者联邦巡回庭的时候,其实一般不是指这个United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit。
巡回法院的法官也和最高法院法官一样是终身任职的。他们的任命也是需要总统提名参议院通过才可以。巡回法院中有一名首席法官。首席法官相较于一般的法官并没有太多的特权,只是他需要承担一些管理职能,比如批准法官的半退休状态,安排特定的案子等等。巡回法院的首席法官是根据资历遴选出来的。当首席法官离职之后,所有任职年满一年的巡回法官中65岁以下的法官中资历最久的未担任过首席法官的法官继任首席法官。首席法官任职七年后或年满70岁时退任首席法官成为一般法官。
为了更好的理解该词,以下是其英文释义:Circuit courts are court systems in several common law jurisdictions. The core concept of circuit courts requires judges to travel to different locales to ensure wide visibility and understanding of cases in a region. More generally, some modern circuit courts may also refer to a court that merely holds trials for cases of multiple locations in some rotation.
双语例句:
(1)Furthermore, in provinces where abuses have occurred, military and civilian circuit courts have been set up, with support from MONUSCO, to resolve the problems created by the distance of courts and tribunals from the areas where crimes are committed.
此外,在发生违法行为的省份,在联刚稳定团的支持下建立了军事和民事巡回法院,以便解决法院和特设法庭远离发生犯罪行为的地区而出现的问题。
(2)In the current case, the aforementioned backlog courts were set up to address the paralysis in proceedings before the circuit criminal courts across the country arising out of offences committed by Foncolpuertos, and also in view of the importance of the case, involving millions of State funds, which had given rise to the investigations, and of the need to ensure that justice was served properly and promptly.
在本案中,设立上述积案法院是为了处理全国各地因 Foncolpuertos 违法行为而造成的巡回刑事法院诉讼瘫痪,同时考虑到案件重大,涉及到引发调查的数百万国家资金,并且有必要确保适当和及时的司法。