"属人法(lex personalis或personal law)是指与民事关系主体有关的国家的法律。它是经常被用来解决人的身份、能力(权利能力、行为能力)、婚姻、亲属、和继承权等领域的法律冲突的一项原则。属人法源于拉丁文,其本身有“隶属于人的法律”的含义;属人法基础于法律的属人效力,却在形成和发展过程中成为法律发生域外效力的重要源泉;属人法基本上是一个国际私法理论界为便于分析和总结而出现的词汇,各国在立法中通常不使用“属人法”;属人法在司法实践中一般指“以法律关系当事人的国籍、住所等作为连接点确定的法律”,即“本国法”和“住所地法”均可理解为属人法;属人法是国际私法中运用范围最为广泛的系属公式,且其运用范围还有扩大的趋势。
由于各国对属人法连结点分别理解为住所或国籍,故属人法有住所地法和本国法之分。(大陆法系国家多采用本国法,英美法系国家多采用住所地法)一些国际公约多采用惯常居所地法,而法人的属人法多采用国籍国法。对属人法的不同理解起因于《法国民法典》的规定和孟西尼的提倡,自19世纪初开始,属人法一分为二;英美法系国家坚持历史偏好,在法律属地主义理念的影响下,按照住所地法理解属人法,称为住所地法主义;而大陆法系国家却改弦更张,强调法律的制定更多是为特定国家的人(通过国籍加以判断)而不是特定的地域,主张按照国籍国法(本国法)理解属人法,称为本国法主义。
为了更好的理解该词,以下是其英文释义:The personal law (lex personalis) by which the plaintiff or defendant is governed; the personal law may be determined either by the law of the party's place of domicile (lex domicilii) or by his national law (lex ligeantiae).
双语例句:
例句1:
For the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law applicable to persons of that description.
就第(3)款所述任何特征的个人(或与此类个人有关者)而言,法律的适用涉及收养、婚姻、离婚、丧葬、死亡后的析产或其他类似但对上述特征的个人适用属人法的事宜。
例句2:
Several initiatives taken by the Government to create awareness on the subject as a prelude to changing the personal law has met with resistance from those very ethnic groups.
政府采取了几项举措,拟提高对此问题的认识,以扭转属人法的这种现象,却遭到上述一些民族群体的抵制。
例句3:
While in the civil courts which administered two or more personal laws, a technique of choice of law similar to that in private international law is adopted.
而在实施两种或多种属人法的民事法院内,法院对法律选择问题采用了与国际私法中法律选择方法相似的方法。
例句4:
Interregional Personal Law should not be determined by the nexus of nationality but by the nexus of domicile and habitual domicile.
区际属人法不能以国籍连结点来确定,而应以住所及惯常住所连结点来确定。"