直接言词原则是刑事司法程序的重要原则之一,指法官必须在法庭上亲自听取当事人、证人及其他诉讼参与人的口头陈述,案件事实和证据必须由控辩双方当庭口头提出并以口头辩论和质证的方式进行调查。它是现代各国审判阶段普遍适用的诉讼原则,它包含直接原则和言词原则。直接原则,又称直接审理原则,是指办理案件的法官、陪审员只能以亲自在法庭上直接获取的证据材料作为裁判之基础的诉讼原则。言词原则,又称言词审理原则,要求当事人等在法庭上须用言词形式开展质证辩论的原则。该原则是公开原则、辩论原则和直接原则实施的必要条件。
关于其对应的英语译文,经搜索,可以发现百度百科中对应的为“the principle of directness and verbalism”,关于其准确性,可以通过Google进行验证,Google搜索结果如下:
由上图可发现,上述英文表达主要见于一些英文词典及中国学生的英文论文中,并无外网相关报道或释义,说明这一表达可能不够准确或受认可程度较低,因此,可以再查一查有无其他说法,因为对于这种官方术语,能查到官方解释的,就尽量不要自己翻。
经搜索,China Daily 上对其亦有“principle of testimony and trial”这一表达,刚好对应直接言词原则的两大原则——直接原则和言词原则,且并不像directness and verbalism一样抽象,因此,这一表达可能更能为英语读者所接受。
相关双语示例如下:
三是严格落实直接言词原则。直接言词原则是保证公正审判的重要原则,其核心要求是证人、鉴定人出庭作证。如果证人、鉴定人不出庭,控诉方仅出示书面证言、鉴定意见,即使被告人有异议,也无法当面对质;即使法庭对证据有疑问,也无法当庭核实。党的十八届四中全会决定指出,完善证人、鉴定人出庭制度。贯彻直接言词原则,能够有效克服书面审理程序的弊端,是庭审实质化的关键保障。
Third, implement the principle of testimony and trial in court. This principle is significant to ensure fair trials and it requires the witness and the expert witness to take the stand in court. If the witness and the expert witness do not appear in court, and the prosecutor only produces written testimony and expert opinions, the defendant cannot confront them in person even if he disputes the same; though the court has doubts about the evidence, it cannot verify it in court. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC decided to improve the system of appearing in court of the witness and expert witness. As a key guarantee for substantializing the court trials, practicing the principle of testimony and trial in court can effectively overcome the disadvantages of the trial procedure in reliance on written materials.