提存制度指由于法律规定的原因债务人难以向债权人履行债务时,债务人将标的物交给提存部门而消灭债务的制度。其中,交付合同标的物的债务人为提存人;债权人为提存领受人;交付的标的物为提存物;由国家设立并保管提存物的机关为提存机关。
提存做动词使用时,可用place sth in escrow来表示:
The buyer can place the funds in escrow with an agent with instructions to disburse them to the seller once the goods arrive in a suitable state.
买方可以将资金提存给机构,并要求它在货物完好送达后支付卖方费用。
债权人分立、合并或者变更住所没有通知债务人,致使履行债务发生困难的,债务人可以中止履行或者将标的物提存。
Where a debtor’s performance of an obligation has become difficult due to the fact that the creditor fails to notify the debtor that it has split into two or more entities, merges with another entity, or changed its domicile, the debtor may suspend performance or place the subject matter in escrow.
做名词使用时,则直接使用“escrow”即可,如escrow agency 提存部门。
Escrow这一词在金融文件中,还常常译为“代管”,如:escrow account代管账户(以储户和代管人〔escrow agent〕的名义开立的银行账户,在代管条件实现时交还给储户或支付给第三人。例如,作为不动产抵押权人的银行将用于支付抵押人不动产税的资金存入代管账户中。)
我国《民法典》中有关提存的法律规定如下:
第五百七十条 有下列情形之一,难以履行债务的,债务人可以将标的物提存:
Article 570 Where it is difficult to perform an obligation under any of the following circumstances, a debtor may place the subject matter in escrow:
(一)债权人无正当理由拒绝受领;
(1)the creditor refuses to accept the performance without just cause;
(二)债权人下落不明;
(2)the creditor cannot be located;
(三)债权人死亡未确定继承人、遗产管理人,或者丧失民事行为能力未确定监护人;
(3)the creditor dies with his heirs or estate administrator not determined, or the creditor loses his capacity for performing civil juristic acts with no guardian determined; or
(四)法律规定的其他情形。
(4)there exists any other circumstance as provided by law.
标的物不适于提存或者提存费用过高的,债务人依法可以拍卖或者变卖标的物,提存所得的价款。
Where the subject matter is not suitable for being placed in escrow or the expenses therefor are excessively high, the debtor may sell the subject matter through auction or sale and place the proceeds thus obtained in escrow in accordance with law.