可以参考我国《民法典》英文版选用的表达。下面总结了《民法典》中有关“违约金”“损害赔偿金”“赔偿金”“补偿金”的相关规定以及对应英文表达。

1. 违约金；损害赔偿金

（1）相关条款

第三百八十九条： 

担保物权的担保范围包括主债权及其利息、违约金、损害赔偿金、保管担保财产和实现担保物权的费用。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。

Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the scope covered by a security interest includes the principal claim and its interests based on the principal contract, liquidated damages, compensatory damages, and the expenses arising from safekeeping the collateral and enforcing the security interests.

第五百八十五条第一款：

当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金，也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。

The parties may agree that, upon default by a party, a certain amount of liquidated damages shall be paid to the other party according to the circumstance of the breach, or the parties may agree on the method of calculating the compensation for losses arising from the breach.

第六百九十一条：

保证的范围包括主债权及其利息、违约金、损害赔偿金和实现债权的费用。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。

The scope of the suretyship covers the principal claims and the interest thereof, the liquidated damages, compensatory damages, and the expenses for enforcing the claim, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.

（2）适用表达

违约金：liquidated damages

释义：当事人双方在订立合同时，可以预先估计一方当事人违约所可能造成的损失，在合同中规定违约方应支付的赔偿金的确定数额。一旦合同当事人就违约金的数额达成协议，则无论其是高于还是低于违约造成的实际损害，这一固定数额都是损害赔偿金的标准。（《元照英美法词典》）

损害赔偿金：compensatory damages

释义：指用于补偿实际的和精神的损失、伤害的一切损害赔偿金，但不包括惩罚性损害赔偿金〔punitive or exemplary damages〕和名义损害赔偿金〔nominal damages〕。（《元照英美法词典》）

2. 赔偿金；补偿金

（1）相关条款

第三百九十条：

担保期间，担保财产毁损、灭失或者被征收等，担保物权人可以就获得的保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等优先受偿。被担保债权的履行期限未届满的，也可以提存该保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等。

Where a collateral is destructed, damaged, or lost, or is expropriated during the secured period, the person entitled to a security interest has priority to be paid from the insurance payment, compensation, or indemnity received on the collateral. Where the collateral is destructed, damaged, or lost, or is expropriated prior to the due date of performance of the secured claim, the insurance payment, compensation, or indemnity may also be placed in escrow.

第四百六十一条：

占有的不动产或者动产毁损、灭失，该不动产或者动产的权利人请求赔偿的，占有人应当将因毁损、灭失取得的保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等返还给权利人；权利人的损害未得到足够弥补的，恶意占有人还应当赔偿损失。

Where the immovable or movable property in another person’s possession is destructed, damaged, or lost, and a person holding a right in the property requests for compensation, the possessor shall return to the right holder the amount of insurance payment, compensation or indemnity he has received for the property destructed, damaged, or lost; where the right holder has not been fully compensated, a possessor mala fide shall also compensate for the loss.

第一千一百七十九条：

侵害他人造成人身损害的，应当赔偿医疗费、护理费、交通费、营养费、住院伙食补助费等为治疗和康复支出的合理费用，以及因误工减少的收入。造成残疾的，还应当赔偿辅助器具费和残疾赔偿金；造成死亡的，还应当赔偿丧葬费和死亡赔偿金。

Where a person suffers personal injury as a result of an infringement by another person, compensation shall be made for medical expenses, nursing expenses, transportation expenses, nutrition expenses, food allowances for hospitalization, and other reasonable expenses for treatment and rehabilitation, as well as lost earnings due to missed work. Where a person is disabled as a result of an infringement by another person, compensation shall also include the costs of auxiliary equipment and disability compensation. Where a person dies as a result of an infringement by another person, compensation shall also include his funeral expenses and death compensation.

（2）适用表达

赔偿金：compensation

释义：指对他人的损失给予价值相当的货币，或其他等价物，以使受损一方当事人回复其原有状况。（《元照英美法词典》）

补偿金：indemnity

释义：指以货币或财产弥补损失。（《元照英美法词典》）