“船舶优先权”可译为“maritime lien”,是指特定海事债权人依法享有的、当债务人不履行或不能履行债务时,以船舶为标的的对担保物优先受偿的权利。海商法赋予海事债权人的一项特权。根据中国《海商法》规定,享有船舶优先权的海事请求人,可向船舶所有人、光船承租人、船舶经营人提出对海事请求的船舶享有优先受偿的权利,并规定优先权的标的是包括属具的船舶。
In admiralty law, a maritime lien is a privileged claim upon sea-connected property, such as a ship, for services rendered to, or the injuries caused by that property. In common law, a lien is the right of the creditor to retain the properties of his debtor until the debt is paid.
例句1
A maritime lien shall be enforced by the court by arresting the ship that gave rise to the said maritime lien.
第二十八条船舶优先权应当通过法院扣押产生优先权的船舶而行使。
例句2
The maritime court arrested the particular ship has exclusive jurisdiction on the acknowledgement and enforcement of maritime liens.
船舶扣押地法院对船舶优先权的确认和行使具有专门管辖权。
相关知识拓展:对船舶(外国或本国)的优先受偿权,可通过对物诉讼而强制执行,以保护船员的劳动报酬及向船舶提供维修、供给、拖航、使用船坞、船排或其他必须设施的人的利益。优先权可以是基于合同或侵权而提起;与普通法的船舶留置权的区别在于:前者不以占有为要件,后者是基于占有而行使。(元照英美法词典)