翻译这一词时，不能直接根据其字面意思，将“紧急”翻译为“emergency”，“避险”翻译为“danger prevention”，而是要在了解其意思的基础上进行翻译，同时要查一查目的语中有无对应的惯用表达。

紧急避险，又称“紧急避难”。是指为了使公共利益、本人或者他人的人身和其他权利免受正在发生的危险，不得已而采取的损害较小的另一方的合法利益，以保护较大的合法权益的行为。排除社会危害性行为的一种。

经查询元照英美法词典，可以发现英语中一般使用“necessity”一词来表示紧急避险：

necessity

在美国，指行为人在非由自身行为引起的紧急情况下，为了避免造成更大的损害，在别无其他选择的情况下所实施的侵害行为。在英国，有关紧急避险是否构成刑事抗辩理由这一点并不完全明确。在某些情况下，紧急避险可作为侵权行为诉讼的抗辩理由，但这可能仅限于在保护生命或财产的紧急情况下所作的行为。在这种紧急情况下所采取的措施必须是合理的。

此外，necessity defense一词同样也可以用来表示紧急避险：

Occasionally, a person faces a situation that requires doing something illegal in order to prevent serious harm. In such a situation, the defense of necessity, which is also called the "lesser of two evils" defense, may come into play.

因此，“紧急避险”的英文可以为“necessity”或“necessity defense”。

以下为相关双语示例：

我国刑法分则对每一种具体的犯罪规定了轻重不同的刑罚种类和幅度，刑法总则又规定了未成年人、精神病人、又聋又哑的人、盲人等特殊犯罪主体以及正当防卫、紧急避险、犯罪预备、未遂和中止、共同犯罪、累犯、自首和立功等特殊条件下的从轻、从重、减轻、免除处罚的情形。

The specific provisions of the Criminal Law specify types and range of minor and major punishments for each specific crime, while the general provisions set forth circumstances for a lighter punishment, a heavier punishment, punishment reduction and exemption against special criminals such as minors, mentally challenged persons and people who are hearing and speech, or vision impaired and under special conditions such as justifiable defense, necessity defense, preparation for a crime, criminal attempt and discontinuation, joint crimes, recidivists, voluntary surrender and meritorious service.

①根据全国人大法律公布的《中华人民共和国刑法》英译本：urgent danger prevention

②第二十一条紧急避险的条款：

为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在发生的危险，不得已采取的紧急避险行为，造成损害的，不负刑事责任。

紧急避险超过必要限度造成不应有的损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。

Criminal responsibility is not to be borne for damage resulting from an act of urgent danger prevention that must be undertaken in order to avert the occurrence of present danger to the state or public interest or the rights of the person, property rights, or other rights of the actor or of other people.

Criminal responsibility shall be borne where urgent danger prevention exceeds the necessary limits and causes undue harm. However, consideration shall be given according to the circumstances to imposing a mitigated punishment or to granting exemption from punishment.

③英文含义：It refers to that, the person in order to make the country, public benefit, personal and other rights of the actor or the other people avoid the present danger, has to damage the behavior of less legitimate interests of another one.

中文含义：指为了使国家、公共利益、个人和其他权利的行为人或其他人避免目前的危险，不得不损害他人合法利益的行为。

·其成立条件为：

（a）为了保护公共利益、本人或者他人的合法权益免受危险的损害。

（b）客观上具有正在发生的真实危险。

（c）迫不得已而采取的行为。

（d）不能超过必要的限度而造成不应有的危害。

necessity: 紧急避险

[law] the agent is not leagaly responsible for whatever done through such situation

例句：Counter-attacking the infringement from a person without ability of responsibility should be considered as defensive necessity.

对无责任能力人的侵袭予以反击行为应属于防御性紧急避险。